AP Psych 2BC

prototypes

best examples

shemas

cognitive framework or concept helps organize

assimilation

part of the adaptation process/take new info in

accommodation

making a change in your memory

algorithms

formulas/ step by step/ gives correct answer always

heuristics

speedy strategy that might gives the right answer

representativeness heuristics

sterotypes affect memory and judgement

availability heuristic

something you have heard recently affects your memory and judgement

mental set

cognitive framework that influences how a person approaches problem solving

priming

makes you think of something

framing

forces you to think a certain way

gamblers fallacy

thinking you are due for good luck

sunk-cost fallacy

thinking you have put so much info in that you cannot quit even if you should.

executive functions

attentional control, working memory, inhibition, and problem-solving

creativity

ability to make or otherwise bring into existence new ideas or solutions

divergent thinking

creative/ non-linear

convergent thinking

thinking that gives the ‘correct” answer

functional fixedness

only seeing the one main way to something (not creative)

intelligence

mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, and solve problems

general intelligence

performance on one type of cognitive task is comparable to other cognitive tasks

intelligence quotient

score derived from standardized tests or subtests designed to assess intelligence

mental age

intellectually compared to average intellectual performance for that individual’s agech

chronological age

actual age in years

standardization

any test in which the same test is given in the same manner to all test takers

validity

tests what is actually intended to measure

construct validity

how well a test measures the concept it was designed to evaluate

predictive validty

how well a test predicts future performance

reliability

tells you how consistently a method measures something

test-retest reliability

assess the consistency of a measurement instrument over time (take twice = same score)

split half reliablity

assess the consistency or stability of one half of a test to the other half

stereotype threat

feels at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about a group they identify with (do poorly)

stereotype lift

performance boost caused by awareness an outgroup is negatively stereo-typed (motivated)

flynn effect

IQ scores tend to get higher over time (must make new IQ tests)

achievement test

measures what you have learned (chapter test)

aptitude test

measures what you might have the ability to do (IQ test)

fixed mindset

self-limiting belief that can hold individuals back from achieving

growth mindset

belief that abilites/ intelligence can be developed through effect and learning