AP Bio Unit 5

genes

• program specific traits

• code for proteins

• found in the DNA

gametes

reproductive cells

diploid

Has 2 sets of chromosomes

somatic cells

the cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells

46

How many chromosomes are in human somatic cells?

False

True or false: Gametes have homologous chromosomes

karyotype

laboratory-produced image of a person’s chromosomes isolated from an individual cell and arranged in numerical order

Reproductive organs, testes and ovary

Where does meiosis take place?

2 and 4

How many nuclear divisions does meiosis have and how many cells does it end with?

Half

Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes by ____

Crossing over

What happens in Prophase I?

Chromosome tetrads align in the equator

What happens in Metaphase I?

tetrad

structure consisting of 2 pairs of chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes separate

What happens in Anaphase I?

set of chromosomes move to each pole and 2 haploid cells are formed

What happens in Telophase I?

Spindle fibers formed

What happens in Prophase II?

Chromosomes align in the equator

What happens in Metaphase II?

Sister chromatids separate

What happens in Anaphase II?

Nuclei formation around chromosomes and 4 haploid cells are produced

What happens in Telophase II?

synapsis

the pairing of two chromosomes that occurs during meiosis