extra stats for exam revision

how many provinces did jiang's government have control of

four provinces

during the nationalist decade what percentage of something were peasants taxed

70-90% of their crops

historian quote about the nationalist decade

Jack Gray: [the nationalist record] 'should be judged… by what took place where itws power was sufficient'

Quotes from communist manifesto

1848: 'workers of the world unite' 'from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs'

Hunan report published

march 1927

quote about the peasants from the hunan report

All revolutionary parties and all revolutionary comrades will stand before them [the peasants] to be tested, to be accepted or rejected as they decide

quote about revolution and violence from the hunan report

Revolution 'an act of violence by which one class overthrows another

mass line

ccp listen to concerns of peasants and base their policies from them

Mao quote about mass line

From the masses to the masses

justification for thought rectification

theory of continuous revolution

mao about contradictions

'It is the development of these contradictions that pushes society forward' - mao, on contradiction, august 1937

how did first united front advantage ccp

legitimised their existence as a revolutionary part = start of 1927 57,000 members

how did first united front advantage gmd

Gmd helped fund huangpu military academy and GMD military

Second united front ends

january 1941 with the GMD attack on the new fourth army

sanfan and wufan deaths

Phillip short claims 710,000 executed or committed suicide

historian quote about sanfan and wufan

Phillip Short: Surviving cadres, private businessmen and urban population as a whole, had received a memorable lesson in the limits of communist kindness

first five year plan impact on workers vs peasants

Increased inequality between cities and country, workers earned more, farmers incomes remained stagnant

segment of mao's first ten points

We must clearly understand that the masses are the real heroes, while we ourselves (the ccp) are often ignorant'

lin biao appointed what

defence minister 16 august 1959 replacing peng duhai

Tambov uprising

1920 15,000 or more rebels or villagers killed

bolshevik intellectual

Vyacheslav Polonsky: The poster is a weapon of mass persuasion, a device for constructing a collective psychology

niche soldier and sailor mutiny

vladivostok uprising november 1905

Sun Yixian three stages to implementing democracy

military dictatorship - 3 years, political tutelage - 6 years, constitutional government - indefinite

Sun forms Tongmenghui

september 1905

how much money stolen by decrees (impacting nobility)

1917-1921 1.6 billion roubles

decree abolishing nobility

10 November 1917 Decree on the Abolition of Class Distinctions and Civil Ranks

nobility migrate

1917-1921 around 2 million emigrated to White areas or western Europe

historian quote about the destruction of the nobility

Smith: Seldom has history seen so precipitate and so total a destruction of a ruling class

Continuity for workers - bad living conditions

1908, 14,000 die in typhus outbreak in Petersburg, Lenin: Either the lice will defeat socialism or socialism will defeat the lice.

Continuity for bourgeoisie

2 million bagmen provided 70% of food to cities during War Communism, 75% of trade was NEPmen

Nobility - continuity

Cultural influence in daily life =Tolstoy was a noble author, Stravinsky was a noble composer

Historian quote about lack of change for women

Smith: Few women were willing or able to take advantage of what the new society was offering.

abortion legalised

november 1920

liberal idea - leads to revolution

Union of Unions in may 1905 - slogan ‘we can no longer live like this’

progressive bloc demands

‘government of public confidence’ with ministers appointed by and answerable to the duma

When did trotsky join the bolsheviks (july days demonstrating his loyalty as he went to prison)

july 1917

part of the reason bolshevik party regained power after july days

land policy - recognising peasant land seizures as legitimate

Women social inequality in tsarist russia

legal;y subordinate to their husbands, excluded from voting rights, limited access to education, concentrated in lower paid occupations such as textile and factory work

Kornilov Quote

It’s time to hang the german supporters and spies, with Lenin at their head, and to disperse the Soviet

why does konrilov order cossack cavalry units to be moved closer to petrograd on the 19 august 1917

if a demonstration of the bolsheviks takes place, to deal with these traitors as they deserve

someone contributes to kornilov affair how

Lvov gives kornilov and keresnky differing accounts about what the expected of each other

Stolypin about his intention

First of all, we have to create a citizen, a small landowner, and then the peasant problem will be solved

SRs belief

peasants and workers revolutionary classes, did land redistribution and focused on farming issues

SRs demands for workers

8 hour working day, universal voting rights, introduction of minimum wages, trade union rights

SR seats in one of the dumas

37 in the first duma

SR poliitcal manifesto

the socialist-revolutionary party of russia views its task as an organic, component part of a universal struggle of labour against the exploitation of human dignity

SR terrorism

1901-1905 over 2000 tsarist officials assassinated by sr combat organisation

octobrists seats in third duma

154

kadets official name

constitutional democrats

historian about the 1905 mutinies

Robert Service: The monarchy's fate hung by a thread

diverse tasks of cheka

border control, countering desertions, coordinating epidemic and famine relief

total amount of people employed by the cheka

around 200,000 people

Historian about red better than white terror

Fitzpatrick: The reds were viewed as ‘the lesser evil’ by russians, granting them ‘active support and passive acceptance by society’

historian about red and white terror

Lynch: Both reds and whites did undoubtedly use terror to crush opposition in the areas they seized

criticism of state capitalism

SR Stalinskii: in repudiating their own program.. they simply turn into a party that wants to stay in power at any cost = criticism of lenin for returning to marxism (theory of telescoped revolution that socialism develops from capitalism)

Historian quote about state capitalism

Figes: The ideas of equality had to be sacrificed in the interests of efficiency

posters important because of illiteracy in russia

by 1920 only 44.1% of the population were literate

rainfall in 1921 famine

Samara region: average may rainfall 38.8 millimetres, in 1921 region received 0.3 millimetres