Lower MMT practical

Psoas Major

Origin: Anterolateral vertebrae T12-L5. Insertion: Lesser trochanter. Action: Lumbar stabilization, hip flexion. Nerve: Lumbar plexus L1-4.

Iliacus

Origin: Upper 2/3 iliac fossa, internal iliac crest. Insertion: Lesser trochanter. Action: Hip flexion, external rotation. Nerve: Femoral L1-4.

Rectus Femoris

Origin: AIIS. Insertion: Tibial tuberosity. Action: Hip flexion, knee extension. Nerve: Femoral L2-4.

Vastus Intermedius

Origin: Upper 2/3 of femur. Insertion: Patella, tibial tuberosity. Action: Knee extension. Nerve: Femoral L2-4.

Vastus Lateralis

Origin: Upper trochanteric line, base of greater trochanter. Insertion: Tibial tubercle/tuberosity. Action: Knee extension. Nerve: Femoral L2-4.

Vastus Medialis

Origin: Lower trochanteric line. Insertion: Tibial tuberosity. Action: Knee extension, patellar tracking. Nerve: Femoral L2-L4.

Sartorius

Origin: ASIS. Insertion: Superomedial tibia (pes anserinus). Action: Flexes, externally rotates, abducts hip; flexes/medially rotates knee. Nerve: Femoral L2-4.

Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)

Origin: ASIS. Insertion: IT band, greater trochanter. Action: Hip abduction, internal rotation, weak flexion. Nerve: Superior gluteal L4-5, S1.

Gluteus Maximus

Origin: Dorsal sacrum, outer iliac crest, coccyx. Insertion: IT band, gluteal tuberosity. Action: Hip extension, external rotation, abduction. Nerve: Inferior gluteal L5-S2.

Gluteus Medius

Origin: Lateral iliac crest. Insertion: Superior posterior greater trochanter. Action: Hip abduction, flexion, rotation. Nerve: Superior gluteal L4-S1.

Gluteus Minimus

Origin: External surface of ilium. Insertion: Anterolateral greater trochanter. Action: Hip abduction. Nerve: Superior gluteal L4-S1.

Biceps Femoris

Origin: Ischial tuberosity. Insertion: Lateral fibular head. Action: Hip extension, knee flexion, weak external rotation. Nerve: Tibial/Common Fibular L5-S2(3).

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Origin: Medial plantar cuboid, lateral cuneiform. Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of great toe. Action: Flexes MTP joint of great toe. Nerve: Tibial L4-5, S1.

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Origin: Lower 2/3 posterior fibula. Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of great toe. Action: Flexes IP/MTP joints of great toe, plantarflexion, inversion. Nerve: Tibial L5, S1 & S2.

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Origin: Distal superior/lateral calcaneus. Insertion: Dorsal base of proximal phalanx of great toe. Action: Extends MTP joint of great toe. Nerve: Deep peroneal L4, L5, S1.

Peroneus Brevis

Origin: Distal 2/3 lateral fibula. Insertion: Tuberosity at base of 5th metatarsal. Action: Eversion, assists plantarflexion. Nerve: Superficial peroneal L4, 5, S1.

Tibialis Anterior

Origin: Upper lateral condyle/proximal tibia, interosseous membrane. Insertion: Medial/plantar surface of first cuneiform. Action: Dorsiflexion, assists inversion. Nerve: Deep peroneal L4, 5, S1.

Tibialis Posterior

Origin: Lateral posterior tibia, proximal medial fibula. Insertion: Navicular bone tuberosity. Action: Inversion, plantar flexion. Nerve: Tibial L4, 5, S1.

Soleus

Origin: Posterior fibular head/proximal 1/3, soleal line, middle 1/3 tibia. Insertion: Calcaneus via achilles tendon. Action: Plantar flexion. Nerve: Tibial L5, S1 & S2.

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Posterior medial and lateral femoral condyles. Insertion: Calcaneus via achilles tendon. Action: Plantar flexion, knee flexion. Nerve: Tibial S1 & S2.