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Structural genes
________ are coding sequences that include the genetic code for the proteins needed to carry out the operon's function.
Promoters
________ are noncoding regulatory regions that act as RNA polymerase binding sites.
DNA
Mutations can occur as a result of environmental stimuli such as chemicals or radiation, or as a result of random mistakes in ________ replication.
Euchromatin
________ is DNA that is more loosely coiled around histone proteins, making it more accessible to RNA polymerase and resulting in higher gene expression in the ________.
Errors
________ in mitosis or meiosis can also result in mutations.
CAMP
________ binds to the catabolite activator protein (CAP), causing it to bind at a CAP binding site close to the promoter.
Hete
________ is formed when DNA in chromosomes is firmly coiled around histone proteins.
Epigenetic alterations
________ are reversible modifications to the nucleotides of the DNA sequence, such as nucleotide methylation (adding a methyl group)
full additional set of chromosomes
Aneuploidies that result in polyploids (an ________) in plants, on the other hand, might provide a benefit to the plant, making it more likely to survive.
Aneuploidy
________ can occur when homologous chromosomes fail to split during meiosis (an incorrect number of chromosomes)
Gene expression
________ may be affected by mutations in the DNA.
Hox
During development, the ________ gene, which codes for antennapedia, regulates the creation of legs in Drosophila.
lactose
If no ________ is present, the lac repressor protein binds to the operator, preventing RNA polymerase from transcribing the operon.
amino acid tryptophan
The ________ acts as a corepressor in the trp operon.
histone
The ________ proteins that surround DNA when it is packed into chromosomes can also be epigenetically changed by adding acetyl groups (acetylation)
trp repressor protein
The ________ can not bind to the operator sequence on its own; it must first be coupled to the amino acid tryptophan before it can bind to the operator sequence.
regulatory regions
Operators are noncoding ________ that act as repressor protein binding sites (a type of regulatory protein)
epigenetic alterations
In eukaryotes, ________ can also impact gene expression.
Lactose
________ binds to the lac repressor protein, altering its structure so that it can no longer bind to the operator sequence.