(NDT) Exam 3: Vitamins

Thiamin (B1)

Function-coenzyme for carbohydrate and protein metabolism; production of DNA and RNA.
Food sources- pork products, grain-based foods.
Deficiency- Beriberi=muscle wasting, nerve damage; Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Riboflavin

Function: involved in REDOX reactions during metabolism (FAD)
Food sources- milk, dairy products, meat
Deficiency- Ariboflavinosis= swelling of mucous membranes in mouth, dry, scaly lips and redness around mouth

Niacin (B3)

Function- required for REDOX reactions during metabolism (NADH)
Food sources- meat, fish and poultry
Deficiency/toxicity- Toxicity= flushing, liver damage, blurred vision. Deficiency= Pellegra (4 Ds): Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis, Death

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

Function- essential for fatty acid metabolism, the synthesis of cholesterol and the synthesis of acetyl CoA.
Food sources- chicken, beef, egg yolk
Deficiency- rare, no specific disease

Pyridoxine (B6)

Function- coenzyme for amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis; part of homocysteine-methionine cycle
Food sources- meat, fish and poultry
Deficiency/toxicity- Toxicity= sensory neuropathy, lesions on skin. Deficiency= anemia, convulsions, skin irritation, depression and confusion

Biotin (B7)

Function: contributes to metabolism and gluconeogenesis
Food sources- very few
Deficiency- consumption of raw egg whites over time

Folate (B9)

Function- needed for DNA synthesis, development of baby's neural tube, and involved in methionine-homocysteine conversion.
Food sources- green, least vegetables, bread and grain products, lentils.
Deficiency/toxicity- Toxicity= similar effects to B12 deficiency, therefore it often masks this. Deficiency= enlarged blood cells, elevated homocysteine, neural tube defects (spina bifida)

Cobalamin (B12)

Function- essential for nervous system function; aids in DNA synthesis; also involved in homocysteine-methionine conversion.
Food sources- only found in animal products, NOT found in plant based foods.
Deficiency- enlarged blood cells, inability for body to produce intrinsic factor, dementia