events of the chinese civil war - part 2

Why is the GMD changing capital’s to flee the Japanese significant?

It disrupted the economy and made them seem weak.

What is the timeline of the GMD’s capital city change?

• Nanjing (initially)

• Wuhan (1937)

• Chongqing (1938)

When does Mao stand outside the Forbidden City to declare the formation of the People’s Republic of China?

October 1st 1949

All the major cities were taken by…

The CCP following Chiang’s resignation

Where did Chiang flee to?

Taiwan

When did Chiang resign after the loss of the Huai-hai campaign?

January 21st 1949

Who won the battle of Huai-Hai?

The CCP

What were the KMT numbers vs the CCP numbers in the Huai-Hai Battle?

• The KMT had 800,000

• The CCP had 650,000

When was the battle of Huai-Hai?

November 6th 1948

What battle was fought in the city of Suchow?

The Battle of Huai-Hai, which was considered the turning point of the civil war.

The CCP launched an assault on the cities in China’s central province, focusing on the city of…

Suchow

When was all of Manchuria firmly under CCP control?

November 2nd 1948

The CCP shifted their strategy from avoiding set battles to…

Attacking KMT strongholds

Therefore with this inflation the KMT…

Lost support of the middle-classes

The civil war was creating…

Inflation, which mainly affected the middle-classes. Coincidently, the middle-classes were also the KMT’s biggest supporters.

Where did the KMT not secure?

The countryside around these cities

After the capturing of Yanan the KMT troops…

Made rapid advances and captured almost all the key cities in the region.

When did Chiang capture Yanan?

March 19th 1947

What plan of action did Chiang switch to?

The ‘Strongpoint Offensive’

However, due to these loses at Manchuria, what did Chiang Kaishek realise?

He was over-extending his resources

The PLA began to train their guerrilla forces in…

The use of artillery and conventional warfare

What was the Red Army now referred to as?

People’s Liberation Army (PLA)

However, these renewed nationalist attacks on Harbin failed as…

The CCP had used the period of truce to reinforce the city.

When did fighting resume once more after the period of truce?

October 11th 1946

Did the KMT take this last city?

No because the US put pressure on Chiang to agree to a ceasefire. This brought an end to the successful Nationalist advance in Manchuria.

What was this past urban stronghold?

The city of Harbin

By June 1946 it looked like the CCP were about to lose their last…

Urban stronghold in Manchuria

The KMT greatly outnumbered the communists, who were…

Forced out of the key cities after the Second Sino Japanese War

Chiang was allowed to use US ships and aircraft’s to transport…

500,000 troops to Manchuria

Why did the Second Sino-Japanese War end?

The atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

What did the KMT have that the CCP didn’t?

They had southern and eastern China and the Red Army lacked modern military technology.

The KMT outnumbered the Red Army by…

Three to one

In 1945, the KMT appeared ______ than the CCP.

Stronger

The KMT, in light of the new Sino-Japanese war, moved their capital from Nanjing to where?

Chongqing

When did Japan capture Shanghai?

November 26th 1937

Following the Marco Polo Bridge incident, what happened?

Japan launched a full-scale invasion of China, not just Manchuria

When was the Marco Polo Bridge incident?

July 7th 1937

What was the Marco Polo Bridge incident?

A military clash between the Chinese and the Japanese that marked the beginning of the Sino-Japanese War.

What was the kidnapping incident known as?

The Xi’an Incident

How many troops held Chiang hostage?

200

How long was Chiang held hostage for before he agreed to ending the civil war to fight with the CCP against the Japanese.

13 days

What happened when Chiang flew to Xi’an to persuade Zhang to renew the campaign?

Zhang kidnapped Chiang

Why did Zhang form an alliance with the CCP instead of going along with orders?

His army were mostly Manchurian’s who wanted to fight the Japanese more than they wanted to fight the communists.

Instead of exterminating the CCP, what did Zhang do?

Make an agreement with the CCP to fight the Japanese instead

Who was Zhang Xueliang?

A Chinese general and the son of a warlord

Despite the wants of the people, Chiang continued with the extermination campaign. Who was it led by?

Zhang Xueliang

The Chinese people wanted…

Chiang and the KMT to fight back against the Japanese occupation

When did Chiang order another extermination campaign against the CCP, despite the fact that Manchuria was being occupied?

1936

How did the Chinese people react to the capturing of Manchuria?

They were righteously outraged

Who did Japan position as the head of the Manchuria state?

Puyi, the last Emperor of China

What did they rename Manchuria to?

Manchukuo

When did Japan invade Manchuria?

1931