Cell Structure - BIOL 1406

These flashcards cover key concepts related to cell structure, including cell types, organelles, and the endomembrane system.

Cell Theory

1. All organisms are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest living things. 3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Simplest organisms characterized by the absence of a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that possess a membrane-bound nucleus and are more complex than prokaryotic cells.

Endomembrane System

A series of membranes that divide the cell into compartments, each with different functions.

Mitochondria

Organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are responsible for oxidative metabolism and energy production.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein fibers that supports cell shape and organizes cell components.

Microvilli

Finger-like projections that increase the surface area of cells, especially in the small intestine.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, made of ribosomal RNA and protein.

Flagella

Hair-like structures used for locomotion in some prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells, bacteria, and fungi that provides support and protection.

Vacuoles

Membrane-bound sacs within cells, often involved in storage and regulating cell turgor.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A network of proteins and carbohydrates outside of animal cells that provides structural and biochemical support.

Plasmodesmata

Plant cell connections that allow the passage of materials between adjacent cells.

Endosymbiosis Theory

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.