Hash browns

Vocabulary practice flashcards generated from medical laboratory science lecture notes covering histopathology, microbiology, urinalysis, clinical chemistry, and laboratory diagnostics.

Double embedding

Technique where tissue is infiltrated with CELLOIDIN then embedded with PARAFFIN.

Flotation waterbath temperature

45 to 50 C

Picric acid

Reagent used to remove formalin pigments; explosive when dry.

Iodine (Histopathology)

Reagent used to remove mercurial deposits.

Alum

Functions as a mordant in hematoxylin.

Frozen Section

Tissue sectioning technique used primarily for RAPID DIAGNOSIS and enzyme histochemistry.

Phase contrast microscopy

Second best choice for routine cytologic examination after Papanicolau.

Bouin's fixative

Fixative that is NOT SUITABLE for kidney structures.

Coagulation necrosis

Histologic manifestation of cell death due to ischemia (loss of blood supply), known as infarction.

Clostridium difficile

Bacterium associated with pseudomembranous colitis and diarrhea.

Corynebacterium amycolatum

Most frequently recovered Corynebacterium species from human clinical material; part of normal skin microbiota.

Candida albicans

Primary fungal pathogen in HIV patients.

Acanthamoeba castellanii

Protozoan characterized by a double-walled, wrinkled cyst form.

Leishmanial form

Intracellular form of blood and tissue flagellates.

Normal stool pH

pH 7 to 8

Stool pH in CHO disorders

pH 5.5 or less

Microhematocrit centrifugation

10,000 g for 5 minutes

Standing plasma test

Test where a creamy layer indicates chylomicrons and turbidity indicates VLDL.

Osmic acid / Osmium tetroxide

Component that microanatomical fixatives should never contain because it inhibits hematoxylin.

Nuclear fixatives

Fixatives containing glacial acetic acid due to its affinity for nuclear chromatin.

Cytoplasmic fixatives

Fixatives (Flemming's without HAc, Regaud's, Orth's, Helly's, and formalin with post-chroming) that should never contain Glacial Acetic Acid because it destroys mitochondria and Golgi bodies.

Manual paraffin wax infiltration and embedding

Requires at least four (4) changes of wax at 15 minutes interval, then immersion in fresh melted paraffin for approximately 3 hours.

Cambridge / Rocking microtome

Microtome invented by Paldwell Treffall.

Best carmine bonding to glycogen

Coulombic attraction/electrostatic bonds and hydrogen bonds.

Routine H and E

Regressive staining process that involves a differentiation step.

Glomerular basement membrane stains

PAS and Azocarmine stain.

Postmortem clotting

Clotting that occurs immediately after death, exhibiting a rubbery consistency.

Antemortem thrombi

Thrombi that are friable and characterized by fibrin precipitation.

Directing

A fundamental component of leadership.

Fibrin glue

Composed of cryoprecipitate (fibrinogen) and topical thrombin.

Measles (rubeola) donor deferral

2 weeks following vaccination.

German measles (Rubella) donor deferral

4 weeks following vaccination.

Glitter cells

Cells that stain LIGHT BLUE with Sternheimer-Malbin stain, as opposed to the VIOLET COLOR seen with NEUTROPHILS.

Prussian blue stain (Urinalysis)

Stain for iron used to confirm yellow-brown hemosiderin granules (in RTE cells, casts, or free-floating sediment) by staining them blue.

Prealbumin (transthyretin)

Second most prevalent protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Meconium

A newborn's first bowel movement formed from fetal intestinal secretions and swallowed amniotic fluid; dark green and mucus-like.

Cannula and Fistula restriction

Blood should NEVER be drawn from a vein in an arm with a cannula or fistula.

Aminoglycosides adverse reactions

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Tetany

Neuromotor irritability accompanied by muscular twitching and eventual convulsions, generally due to low calcium levels (hypocalcemia).

APT test reagent

1% NaOH

APT test interpretation

Fetal blood produces a pink solution; maternal blood produces a yellow-brown supernatant.

Florence test

Test for choline using Iodine and KI, resulting in dark brown rhombic crystals.

Barbiero's test

Test for spermine using Picric acid and TCA, resulting in yellow leaf-shaped crystals or needles.

Blondheim's test

Test to differentiate hemoglobin from myoglobin using ammonium sulfate to precipitate hemoglobin.

Millimicron

Another term for nanometer.

Plastic

Embedding medium used for Electron Microscopy (EM).

Neutral red

The best vital stain.

Janus Green

Vital stain specific for mitochondria.

Ferning

Indicator associated with early pregnancy.

Pap's stain components

Consists of 3 stains: Harris hematoxylin, OG 6, and EA.

Total renal blood flow

1200 mL/min

Total renal plasma flow

600 to 700 mL/min

Estradiol

Most potent estrogen.

Testosterone

Most important androgen in terms of potency and amount secreted.

Conn syndrome

Primary aldosteronism.

Hirsutism

Male-pattern hair growth in women, most commonly caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Primary male hypogonadism

Condition characterized by decreased testosterone, increased LH, and increased FSH.

Secondary male hypogonadism

Condition characterized by decreased testosterone, decreased LH, and decreased FSH.