Swine Production 2: Nutrition, Health, and Biosecurity

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering anatomy, nutrition, mineral supplementation, infectious diseases, and biosecurity protocols in swine production.

Monogastric

An animal with a single-compartment stomach (such as a pig) possessing a limited capacity to digest crude fiber and utilize roughage compared to ruminants.

Amylase

A digestive enzyme secreted in swine saliva that initiates the chemical breakdown and digestion of dietary starch in the mouth.

Villi

Fingerlike projections lining the inner surface of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) that dramatically expand the surface area available for nutrient absorption.

Indispensable Amino Acids

Dietary essential amino acids that swine cannot synthesize endogenously in sufficient quantities: Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, and Valine.

Dispensable Amino Acids

Non-essential amino acids synthesized by the pig's body tissues: Alanine, Asparagine, Cysteine, Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, Serine, and Tyrosine.

Soybean Meal

The most widely used swine protein source, containing $43\text{--}48\%$ crude protein, which provides high nutritional value but carries higher purchase costs.

Canola Meal

A common protein feedstuff in Western Canada containing approximately $35\%$ crude protein.

Monocalcium Phosphate

An inorganic mineral supplement with chemical formula $\text{Ca}(\text{H}_2\text{PO}_4)_2$, supplying approximately $16\text{--}18\%$ calcium and $21\text{--}22\%$ phosphorus.

Dicalcium Phosphate

An inorganic mineral supplement with chemical formula $\text{CaHPO}_4$, supplying approximately $28\text{--}30\%$ calcium and $18\text{--}19\%$ phosphorus.

Vitamin/Mineral Premix

A commercially manufactured blend combining vitamins, trace minerals (sodium, selenium, manganese, copper, zinc), and macro minerals into a uniform supplement for swine feed.

Swine Brucellosis

An infectious, zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Brucella suis that spreads through semen during breeding or ingestion/inhalation, causing reproductive tract lesions, abortion, and infertility.

Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's Disease)

A viral infection caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV) causing incoordination, coughing, sneezing, high mortality in young pigs, and reproductive failures such as abortions and stillbirths.

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED)

A viral enteric disease caused by PEDv that spreads primarily through the fecal-oral route, causing severe vomiting, dehydration, and watery diarrhea, particularly fatal to young piglets.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

A widespread, economically devastating viral pathology caused by PRRSV, resulting in sow reproductive failure, respiratory illness in grower-finishers, and diarrhea in weanlings.

African Swine Fever (ASF)

A highly contagious viral disease causing fever, internal hemorrhage, and up to $100\%$ mortality in domestic swine, transmitted via ticks, fomites, and infected pork products.

Biosecurity

A comprehensive set of physical measures and management protocols designed to prevent the introduction and domestic transmission of pathogenic disease agents in swine herds.

All-In-All-Out (AIAO)

An isolation and hygiene management practice where entire groups of pigs enter and exit housing facilities simultaneously, allowing complete cleaning and disinfection between batches.

Colostrum

The first antibody-rich milk secreted by the lactating sow immediately following parturition, delivering essential maternal immunoglobulins to newborn piglets.

Traffic Control (Biosecurity)

A biosecurity principle controlling the physical movement of people, vehicles, pests, and equipment onto farms via visitor logs, clean boots/coveralls, perimeter barriers, and vehicle wash stations.

Feed Cost Proportion

The dominant operational expenditure in swine production, representing $60\text{--}70\%$ of total production costs, with energy ingredients contributing $60\%$ of that expenditure.