Fine arts test 2

Music

Sequences of sounds in time,

Esp. tones of definite pitch, Melody, harmony, and rhythm

Dynamics

Loud and soft

Forte

Loud

Piano

Soft

Timbre

Families of instruments

Meter

Grouping of beat

Tempo

Speed of meter

Metronome

Device to measure tempo

Allegro

Fast (Type of Tempo)

Andante

Walking speed (Type of tempo)

Adagio

Slow (Type of tempo)

Melody

Series of pitches in rhythm

Cadence

Melody comes to a stopping point

Harmony

2 or more tones at one time

Harmonic progression

Standardized paths for harmonies to take from one chord to another

Tonality

Organized Harmony

Scales

Series of 7 notes in a defined pattern

Homophony

1 important musical line

Everything else accompanies

Polyphony

2 or more important musical lines simultaneously

Quadrivium

Academic foundation composed of 4 specific subjects

Music of the spheres

The planets had a resonant fundamental pitch

Doctrine of ethos

Modes (greek scales) permanently influenced character

Dorian mode

Strong warlike music associated W/ Apollo

Phrygian mode

Sensual music associated W/ Dionysius

Chant

Monophonic

text in latin

free rhythm

a cappella

A cappella

Voices only

Organum

Early harmony experiments

Word painting (text painting)

Music closely follows the text

Imitation

Using 1 melody and repeating through the voices

Hymn

Songs of prayer

Strophic form

Vernacular language

Dance suite

Series of instrumental dances performed tg as a unit

Madrigal

Regional vernacular song for Italy and England

Chanson

Regional vernacular songs in France

Idiomatic writing

Composing for a specific instrument or voice type

Virtuoso

Specialist performers on a instrument

Basso continuo

Bass instrument + harpsichord or organ

Concerto

Multi-movement piece for solo instrument and orchestral accompaniment

Fast, slow, fast

Fugue

Open form, polyphonic; complex and difficult, a composer favorite

Sonata

Commonly a multi-movement piece for solo instrument and continuo accompaniment

Oratorio

Sung theater but no staging costumes or sets

Ritornello form

ABACADAEA…A

Symphony

Multi-movement piece for orchestra

String quartet

Multi-movement piece for 2 violins, viola, and cello

Rondo form

ABACABA

Theme and variations

Melody is repeated w/ slight changes each time

Cyclic Melody

Same theme heard in all movements

Lied

"Art Song” using German poetry

Character pieces

Focus on mood, not form

Ideé fixe (fixed idea)

To rep. "The Beloved”

Dies Irae (“Day of Wrath”)

From the requiem Mass to rep. The witches sabbath

Thematic transformation

Where a melody is changed to fit the needs of a story

Mime

Body movement of people or animals w/o words

Symphonic poem

Movement program music for orchestra

Impressionism

Opposition to ideas of German romantic orchestral music

Serialism

A rejection of tonality

Aka 12-tone music

Ostinato

Regularly repeating rhythmic pattern

Sprechsimme

Approximation of pitch for expressive effect

"Speech voice”

Dance

Human movement combined w/ artistic expression

Choreographer

Person who comes up w/ the dance routines (composer of dance)

Mise-en-scene

Setting or surrounding of an event (seen on stage)

Divertissements

Diversions

Pantomime

Acting out dramatic action w/ no words

Pas de deux

Dancing duet

shows gender stereotypes

literally “step of two”

Estampie

Secular dance w/ basic repeated rhythm

Families of timbre

Brass

Woodwinds

Strings

Percussion

Electronics

Voices

Genres of timbre

Orchestra

Band

Choir

Ensemble

Types of texture

Monophony

Homophony

Polyphony

Types of form

open and closed

Quadrivium

Music

Astronomy

Geometry

Arithmetic

Greek modes

Dorian

Phrygian

Mixolydian

Types of vernacular songs

Madrigal

Lied

Chanson

Baroque genres

Concerto

Sonata

Fugue

Opera

Oratorio

Parts of sonata - allegro form

Exposition

Development

Recapitulation + coda

20th century music traits

Conventions are gone

Conservative composers = Neo-classicists

Radical compositions = more theory

Medieval music traits

500 CE music develops in the mass

Chant characteristics

Baroque music traits

Systematic rationalism

Power church to state

Modes to major/minor

Instrumentation important

writing in movements

Genres of dance

Ballet

Modern

World

Ritual

Folk

Jazz

Medieval

World dance examples

Flamenco

Set dancing

2 ballet philosophers

Theophile gautier

Carlo blasis

3 Tchaikovsky ballets

Nutcracker

Romeo & Juliet

Swan lake

Pope Gregory I

Organized chant

Medieval

Hildegard of bingen

Composer of organum and ran a nunnery

Medieval

Guido d arezzo - micrologus

Outline of system of notation

Medieval

Palestrina - pope Marcellus mass

Catholic Mass

Renaissance

Antonio Vivaldi - concerto in EM

Italian composer

Program music

Baroque

Handel - messiah

Uses “And the Glory of Lord” and “Hallelujah Chorus” movements

Oratorio

Baroque

Bach - the well-tempered clavier

Etudes written in every major and minor key

Master of fugue

End of Baroque

Bach - the Brandenburg concerti

Never publicly played until 100 years later

Series of 6 concerto

End of Baroque

Mozart - Symphony no. 40 “Jupiter”

Height of symphonic style

Classical

Emperor Joseph ll of Prussia

Patron Mozart

Beethoven - Symphony no. 5 in cm

Example of a motif

Romantic

Frank Schubert - “Erlkönig”

Marriage between music and text

Written when only 18

Romantic

Beethoven - Symphony no. 9 “Choral”

Introduced 1st choir into a symphony

completely deaf when written

Romantic

Chopin - nocturne in F#M

Character piece focused on mood not form

Romantic

Liszt - transcendental étude

1st "rock - star” of music

Piano virtuoso

Romantic

Mahler - Symphony no. 2 “Resurrection”

Part of legacy composers

romantic

Hector Berlioz - symphonie fantastique

Program Symphony that uses techniques like thematic transformation and cyclic melody

Romantic

Tchaikovsky - 1812 overture

Russian composer

Romantic

Strauss - thus space Zarathustra

Symphonic poem

Romantic

Rimsky-korsakov - flight of the bumblebee

Member of "the mighty five”

Romantic