*Exam 2 practice AP 1*

A space within a bone filled with air and lined with mucus membrane is a:

Sinus

The hyoid belongs to which of the two main divisions of the skeleton?

Axial

Identify the indicated space within the long bone.

Medullary cavity

Identify the indicated type of bone within the long bone.

Compact bone

Identify the indicated space within compact bone.

Lacunae

Identify the indicated structure (layer) within compact bone.

Lamella

What type (shape) of bone is indicated?

Irregular

What type (shape) of bone is indicated?

Long

In adults, the inner (medullary) cavity of the shaft of long bones contains:

Yellow marrow

What is the name of the bone that forms the forehead?

Frontal

Identify the indicated bone.

Maxilla

Identify the indicated bone.

Temporal

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection).

Mastoid process

Identify the indicated bone marking (suture).

lambdoid suture

Identify the indicated bone marking (opening).

infraorbital foramen

THINK:

→ infra = below/beneath

→ orbital = eye / eye socket

→ foramen = hole

Identify the indicated bone marking (opening).

superior orbital fissure

THINK:

Superior = above

Orbital = eye

Fissure = a narrow slit or opening

“upper slit of the eye socket”

Identify the indicated bone.

sacrum

Identify the indicated bone.

atlas

What type of rib is indicated?

true rib

Identify the indicated sinus.

frontal

Identify the indicated bone marking (opening).

vertebral foramen

THINK:

vertebral = related to s vertebra, a bone of the spine

foramen = hole

“the opening in a vertebra”

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection).

transverse process

THINK:

Transverse = across or sideways

Process = a projection sticking out from a bone

“A sideways projection of bone.”

Remember:

Transverse: to the sides

Spinous = toward the back

Identify the indicated type of vertebra.

cervical

7 → Cereal for breakfast at 7am

→ looks like jack-o-lantern

→ MUCH smaller than other vertebrae

→ DISTINGUISHING FEATURE:

• transverse foramina (hole on each side

What structure on forms the medial bump on the "ankle"?

medial malleolus

What is the name of the lateral bone of the forearm?

radius (thumb side)

Identify the indicated bone.

femur

Identify the indicated bone.

tibia

Identify the indicated bone.

fibula

Identify the indicated bone.

middle phalanx

Identify the indicated bone.

Pisiform

THINK:

Some = Scaphoid

Lovers = Lunate

Try = Triquetrum

Positions = Pisiform

That = Trapezium

They = Trapezoid

Cannot = Capitate

Handle = Hamate

Is the indicated bone from the right of left side of the body?

left

Is the indicated bone from the right of left side of the body?

right

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection).

deltoid tuberosity

THINK:

Word	Meaning
Deltoid	Triangle-shaped; the name of your shoulder muscle
Tuberosity	A rough, raised area on a bone
Humerus	Your upper arm bone

“The rough area on the upper arm bone where the deltoid muscle attaches.”

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection).

lesser tubercle

THINK:

Word	Meaning
Lesser	Smaller
Tubercle	A small, rounded bump on a bone

Identify the indicated bone marking (surface)?

facet for the lateral condyle of femur

THINK:

Word	Meaning
Facet	A smooth surface where bones meet
Lateral	Toward the outer side
Condyle	A rounded end of a bone that forms a joint
Femur	Thigh bone

Together: “The smooth surface that meets the outer rounded end of the thigh bone.”

Locate it: On the back of the patella (kneecap). The lateral facet is usually larger than the medial facet.

Function: Contacts the femur and helps the kneecap glide as you bend and straighten your knee.

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection)?

medial condyle

THINK:

Word	Meaning
Medial	Toward the body’s midline
Condyle	A rounded part of a bone that forms a joint

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection).

coronoid process

THINK:

Word	Meaning
Coronoid	Crown-shaped
Process	A projection sticking out from a bone

Together: “A crown-shaped projection of bone.”

On the ulna: It’s the projection at the front of the upper ulna, forming the lower edge of the trochlear notch. It helps stabilize the elbow.

Identify the indicated bone marking (depression)?

acetabulum

“c-shaped”

Is this pelvis male or female?

female

How many carpal bones are present on each side?

8

Movement that results in an increase of the angle at a joint beyond 180 deg is called:

hyperextension

Identify the indicated body movement from A to B.

pronation

Identify the structure.

medial meniscus

THINK:

Word	Meaning
Medial	Toward the body’s midline
Meniscus	Crescent-shaped structure

“The crescent-shaped cartilage pad on the inner side of the knee.”

Locate it: Between the medial condyles of the femur and tibia.

Function: Cushions the joint, distributes weight, and helps stabilize the knee.

Memory tip: Medial = inner; meniscus = cushion.

Identify the structure.

fibular colateral ligament

THINK:

Word	Meaning
Fibular	Related to the fibula, the outer lower-leg bone
Collateral	Located along the side
Ligament	A strong band connecting bone to bone

Together: “The ligament on the outer side of the knee that connects to the fibula.”

Locate it: Runs from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula.

Function: Stabilizes the outer knee and resists forces that push the knee outward (varus stress).

Memory tip: Fibula = outer side → fibular collateral ligament = LCL.

Identify the indicated layer of a synovial joint.

fibrous capsule

List two of the three structural types of articulations.

1. fibrous

2. cartilaginous

3. synovial

THINK:

Articulations = joints. Remember the 3 structural types with FCS.

Type	What connects the bones?	Example	Memory clue
Fibrous	Dense fibrous connective tissue	Skull sutures	Fibers fasten bones together
Cartilaginous	Cartilage	Pubic symphysis	Cartilage connects
Synovial	A joint cavity containing synovial fluid	Knee, shoulder	Space + slippery fluid

Structural = what the joint is made of.
Functional = how much the joint moves.

List two of the three functional types of articulations.

Structural = what the joint is made of.
Functional = how much the joint moves.

1. synarthroses

2. amphiarthroses

3. diarthroses

Functional types = how much a joint moves.

Remember “S–A–D: Still, A little, Does move freely.”

Functional type	Movement	Memory trick
Synarthrosis	No movement	S = Still
Amphiarthroses	Slight movement	A = A little
Diarthroses	Free movement	D = Does move freely

What structural type of articulation is a synchondrosis?

cartilaginous

What is the name of the type of synovial joint that has no rotational movement, but only gliding movement between flat or slightly curved bones?

plane

A site for muscle or ligament attachment that consists of a very large irregular process (found only on the femur) is a:

trochanter

The sternum belongs to which of the two main divisions of the skeleton?

axial

Identify the indicated structure within compact bone.

haversian canal or central canal

Identify the indicated space within compact bone.

lacunae

What type (shape) of bone is indicated?

sesamoid

Each osteon is composed of several layers of concentric material. Each layer is called a:

lamella

The cervical vertebra that articulates with the occipital condyles of the occipital bone is the:

atlas

Identify the indicated bone.

frontal

Identify the indicated bone.

temporal

Identify the indicated bone marking (depression).

anterior cranial fossa

Identify the indicated bone marking (suture).

squamosal suture

Identify the indicated bone marking (opening).

inftaorbital foramen

Identify the indicated bone marking (opening).

foramen magnum

Identify the indicated bone marking (opening).

vertebral foramen

Identify the indicated bone marking.

body

Identify the indicated type of vertebra.

lumbar

SQUARE BACKSIDE

What part of the clavicle articulates with the sternum?

sternal end

THINK: Sternum = Sternal end

What is the name of the bone of the upper arm?

humerus

Identify the indicated bone.

distal phalanx

Identify the indicated bone.

patella

Identify the indicated bone.

distal phalanx

Identify the indicated bone.

trapezium

Is the indicated bone from the right of left side of the body?

left

REMEMBER:

if the posterior view, if the acetabulum is to the LEFT of the greater sciatic notch = it is the LEFT OX COXA

VS

if the posterior view, if the acetabulum is to the RIGHT of the greater sciatic notch = it is the RIGHT OX COXA

Is the indicated bone from the right of left side of the body?

left

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection).

coracoid process

Identify the indicated bone marking.

head

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection)?

medial condyle

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection).

medial condyle

Identify the indicated bone marking (surface)?

pubic crest

What portion of this bone is indicated by the yellow area?

ilium (big huge portion on top)

(superior) fan-shaped part of the hip bone,

How many phalangeal bones are present on each hand?

14

Movement that results in the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body is called:

adduction

Identify the structure.

posterior cruciate ligament

Identify the structure.

ligamentum teres

OR

ligament of the head of the femur

Identify the indicated layer of a synovial joint.

periosteum

List two of the three structural types of articulations.

1. fibrous

2. cartilaginous

3. synovial

HOW IT IS MADE

List two of the three functional types of articulations.

WHAT IT DOES

1. synarthroses

2. amphiarthroses

3. diarthroses

What structural type of articulation is a symphysis?

cartilaginous

What is the name of the type of synovial joint that has rotational movement around a single axis that accomplishes flexion and/or extension at the joint?

hinge

A site for muscle or ligament attachment that consists of a small rounded projection is a:

tubercle

The clavicle belongs to which of the two main divisions of the skeleton?

appendicular

The tiny channels that radiate from lacunae in compact bone and receive cytoplasmic projections of osteocytes are called:

canaliculi

THINK: tiny Channels = Canaliculi

The type of vertebra that has facets for the articulation of ribs is a:

thoracic

THINK: small, smooth, relatively flat surfaces on a bone where it meets another bone to form a joint.

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection).

mandibular angle

Identify the indicated bone.

parietal

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection).

superior nuchal line

Identify the indicated bone marking (suture).

occipitomastoid suture

What part of the innominate (os coxa) articulates with sacrum?

auricular surface

Identify the indicated bone.

os coxa

hip bone

innominate

Identify the indicated bone.

metaCARPAL

THINK: drive CAR with CARPALS

Identify the indicated bone.

TIGER

CUBS

NEED

M.I.L.C

intermediate cuneiform