11 cell cycle

study guide 11

what are the 3 parts of the cell theory?

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells

The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms

All cells come from preexisting cells.

what are the 3 reasons for cells to divide by way of mitosis?

Cells divide by mitosis for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction.

in humans, what kinds of cells undergo cell division?

In humans, all types of somatic cells undergo cell division, including skin cells, muscle cells, and blood cells, to replace damaged or lost cells and support growth. also cells of the intestines.

What kinds of cells almost never undergo cell division?

cells in the nervous system and cells in the heart muscle

what happens during the four stages of cell cycle (G1,S,G2, mitosis)?

During the four stages of the cell cycle,

The cell grows and prepares for division in G1

Replicates its DNA in S

Continues to grow and prepares for mitosis in G2

finally divides its chromosomes into two daughter cells during mitosis.

why do some cells eneter the G0 phase?

Cells are either done dividing, or they have temporarily left the cell cycle.

what are the 2 componets of chromatin?

DNA and Proteins. The two components of chromatin are DNA and histone proteins that help package the DNA into a compact, organized structure.

list the 4 or 5 phases of mitosis in order?

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

In relation to the duplication of chromosomes, what are sister chromatids and centromeres?

Sister chromatids are the duplication of each chromosome during S phase, producing a pair of two identical “threads”

centromeres are what link them together somewhere near their centers.

Explain what happens to chrosmomes/sister chromids during prophase, metaphase, and anaphase of mitosis.

During prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible, with each chromosome consisting of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere. In metaphase, the chromosomes align at the cell's equator.

During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell, ensuring each new cell will have an identical set of chromosomes.

what is cytokinesis?

When the cell’s plasma membrane pinches off completely in the center, forming two separate daughter cells.

what goes wrong with the cell cycle in cancer?

cancer cells produce excessive division and growth, and cancer cells crowd normal functioning cells.

what is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor? And what does metastasize mean?

A benign tumor is a non-cancerous growth that does not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body,

malignant tumor is cancerous;

Metastasis is when it is capable of invading surrounding tissues and spreading through the bloodstream or other parts of the body