Body Orientation

Practical #1 - regions, membranes, planes/sections, directional/orientational, cavities

1.

cephalic

2.

frontal

3.

orbital

4.

nasal

5.

oral

6.

mental (chin)

7.

cervical

8.

thoracic

9.

sternal

10.

axillary

11.

mammary

12.

abdominal

13.

umbilical

14.

pelvic

15.

inguinal

16.

pubic (genital)

17.

upper limb

18.

acromial

19.

brachial (arm)

20.

antecubital

21.

carpal (wrist)

22.

manus (hand)

23.

metacarpal

24.

palmar

25.

pollex

26. & 39.

digital

27.

lower limb

28.

coxal (hip)

29.

femoral (thigh)

30.

patellar

31.

popliteal

32.

crural

33.

sural (calf)

34.

fibular or peroneal

35.

pedal (foot)

36.

tarsal (ankle)

37.

calcaneal

38.

metatarsal

40.

plantar

41.

hallux

42.

otic

43.

occipital

44.

back (dorsal)

45.

scapular

46.

vertebral

47.

lumbar

48.

sacral

49.

gluteal

50.

perineal

Mucous Membrane

Line a body cavity from the inside to the outside

Serous Membrane

Double-layered membranes that line body cavities

Pluera Membrane

Membrane that surrounds the lungs

Pericardium Membrane

Membrane that surrounds the heart

Peritoneum Membrane

Membrane that surrounds most organs of the abdominopelvic cavity

Parietal Membrane

Outer layer lining the body wall of the cavity

Visceral Membrane

Innermost layer covering the organ

Sagittal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

Midsagittal / Median Plane

A sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline

Parasagittal Plane

A sagittal plane that is offset from the midline

Frontal (Coronol) Plane

Divide the body into anterior and posterior parts

Transverse (Horizontal/Cross)

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Superior

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Inferior

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Anterior

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Posterior

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Medial

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Distal

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Superficial

Toward or at the body surface

Deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

Open Cavities

Lead to the outside of the body

Oral Cavity

The mouth; contains teeth and tongue and is part of a continous cavity with the digestive organs

Nasal Cavity

Located within and posterior to the nose; part of the respiratory system passageways

Synovial Cavity

Joint cavities that are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround freely movable joints of the body

Closed Cavities

Hollow spaces that do not lead to the exterior

Dorsal Body Cavity

Protects organs of the central nervous system (CNS)

What does the dorsal body cavity contain?

The cranial and spinal cavity

Cranial Cavity

Encases the brain

Spinal Cavity

Runs within the bony vertebral column to enclose the spinal cord

Ventral Body Cavity

Houses visceral organs

What does the ventral body cavity contain?

The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

Thoracic Cavity

Contains heart and lungs

Pleural Cavities

Cavities enveloping each lung

Pericardial Cavity

Encloses the heart

Superior Mediastinum

Surrounds the remaining thoracic organs

Abdominal Cavity

Separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm

Abdominal Cavity

Contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, etc.

Pelvic Cavity

Lies in the bony pelvis and contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum

1.

dorsal body cavity

2.

cranial cavity

3.

vertebral cavity

4.

ventral body cavity

5.

thoracic cavity

6.

superior mediastinum

7.

pleural cavity

8.

pericardial cavity

9.

abdominal cavity

10.

pelvic cavity