Chapter 1: Introduction to Macromolecules and Lipids

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to macromolecules, specifically focusing on lipids and their structures, roles, and associated processes.

Macromolecules

Large complex molecules, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides, important for cellular function.

Lipids

A group of hydrophobic organic molecules, commonly known as fats, used for energy storage and forming cell membranes.

Triglycerides

A type of lipid composed of glycerol and three fatty acids, primarily used for energy storage.

Phospholipids

A class of lipids with a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, essential for forming cell membranes.

Sphingolipids

A type of lipid similar to phospholipids, containing a long-chain amino alcohol and typically found in cell membranes.

Amphipathic

Molecules that have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, like phospholipids.

Steroids

A class of lipids characterized by a fused ring structure, serving various functions including as hormones.

Lipoproteins

Complexes that transport lipids through the bloodstream, consisting of lipids and proteins.

Trans fats

Unsaturated fats that have been hydrogenated to improve shelf life in processed foods but are considered unhealthy.

Auto-oxidation

The process by which lipids interact with oxygen, leading to rancidity and degradation.