Quiz 3 - Revolution in Russia

What played a major factor in keeping the Russian empire together?

Size

When was Serfdom abolished?

1861

Who were the Russian Tsars and their form of government?

The Romanovs, Absolute Monarchs

Which Tsar is known for not wanting to be a Tsar?

Tsar Nicholas II (1894-1917)

In 1900, the population was 80%…

peasants

in 1900, who ruled Russia?

Tsar and Orthodox Church

What was the russian army like in 1900?

Weak leadership, poor modern warfare

What are 2 groups that eagerly followed social movements in Europe? 1900s

“Land and Freedom”, “People’s freedom”, The Russian Social-Democractic Labor Party (SD)

Who did the The Russian Social-Democractic Labor Party (SD) aim their message at

Factory workers

How many reform and socialist groups were there in Russia 1900s

Over 5000

What did Vladimir Lenin believe about the working class?

The working class required leadership to compete with the elite

What was Lenin’s education like?

He went to university and was expelled

Whats a notable fact about Lenin’s past

He spent a year in prison and was exiled to Siberia

in 1902, what book did Lenin write?

“What is To Be Done?”

What goal did Lenin outline in his book?

A goal for a violent overthrow of the Tsar by the russian masses

What party was the majority of Lenin’s supporters?

Bolsheviks / Social Democratic Party

Who did Lenin work with within the Bolshevik Party

Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin

What started the Bloody Sunday of 1905?

Peaceful protestors in St Petersburg

What were the protestors of 1905 protesting for?

Better working conditions and a parliament

What made Bloody Sunday of 1905.. bloody?

Troops fired on protestors and killed over a thousand

What was the response of Russian workers to the killing on Bloody Sunday

A general strike

What elected legislature did Nicholas II create during the bloody sunday reforms

The Duma

How much power did The Duma have?

Almost no political power; Symbolic

What did Tsar Nicholas do to leading members of the Duma in 1907

Arrested them, essentially removing them from the government

Who led the Soviet Groups

Trotsky and Lenin

What was Tsar Nicholas persudaded to agree to?

Formalizing the Duma and Inviting members of the middle class to participate in the government

Soviets were targetted by who at the start of their creation?

The Russian Military

What did Russia have problems with during world war 1?

Equipment, logistics, and planning

Who took over command during World War 1 in russia?

Tsar Nicholas II

How many russian men were serving in the army by 1916

1/3, 12 million+

What did people do in response to the living conditions during WW1

Protest

When was the Feburary Revolution

March 1917

How long did the strikes last during the Feburary Revolution

8 days

What did the army do when they were called in for the Feburary Revolution

They refused to fire on protestors

How did the Romanov Dynasty end?

Nicholas abdicted his crown

What temporary form of government took control after

The Duma, rebranded as the provisional government

Who was the leader of the provisional government?

Prince George Lvov

What did Prince Lvov do to political exiles?

Allowed for them to return to Russia, including Lenin and the Bolsheviks

How did the Provisional Government go about war

They tried to keep russia in the war

What was happening in Oct of 1917

The country was ready to riot again

What is the Bolshevik party

A socialist political party for the rights of common workers

What did the Bolshevik party stand for?

8 hour workdays, food, and withdrawl from WW1

Who were the primary leaders of the Bolshevik Party?

Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky

What did The Bolshevik leaders want to do in Oct 1917?

overthrow the Provisional Government

What was Lenin’s slogan that won the hearts and support of the Soviets

“Land, Peace, Bread”

What was the Red Miracle of 1917

Communism in Russia was born

What type of ruling did Lenin insist was required to lead the people to socialism

Dictatorship

What happened to the Romanov Family in March 1918?

They were arrested and taken to a farm

How long did the Romanov family wait to learn their fate

3 months

What happened on July 16th, 1918, to the Romanov?

They were executed by their Bolshevik captors

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Peace with Germany in exchange for land and reparations

Who were the Whites in the Russia?

Provisional Government

Who were the Reds in Russia?

Bolsheviks

What happened between the Whites and Reds

A civil war broke out

When did the Russian Civil War happen?

1918-1922

Which party did the leaders of britain, france, and the US favour?

The Whites

Why did the leaders of britain, france, and the US favour the Whites

intense fear and misunderstanding of Lenin and Socialism

Who held ultimate power in Russia

The Communist Party

What were the Cheka

Secret Police

What did the Cheka do?

Prevented unrest through fear and deportations to Siberia

What was the purpose of the Cheka

to find and eliminate the party’s opponents

What was Russia renamed to in 1922

the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Who competed for leadership of the USSR after Lenin passed away?

Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin

Who won leadership of the USSR in 1927

Joseph Stalin

How did Stalin appeal to the masses

He exploited his friendship with Lenin

What did Stalin do to Lenin’s corpse in 1924

He put it up for display

How did Lenin feel about Stalin

Never trusted him

What did Joseph Stalin do before he got into socialism

Seminary

Who were the Kulaks

a group of capitalist, landholding peasants

Why did Stalin declare war on the kulaks?

believed that they had become too powerful

How did the peasants react to stalins war?

with fury; burning crops and slaughtering livestock

in 1934, what happened to the government

It became totalitarian

What was the great terror

A form of heavy survelliance where citizens were punished harshly for disobedience

How many people were sent to Gulags under Stalin?

8 million

What did Leon trotsky do to get exiled by Stalin

criticized stalin

how did Leon Trotsky die?

Assisnated by Stalin agents

What was the Holodomor

Artifical famines imposed on Ukrainian areas with farmers who resisted Stalin

What the berlin wall?

A wall seperating east and west germany in order to stop refugees from the Soviet Union

When did the Berlin wall fall?

1989