Axial + upper limb muscles
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59 Terms
Abductor policis longus
O: posterior radius, ulna
I: metacarpal 1
A: Abducts, extends thumb
Biceps brachii + A5
O: Short Head: coracoid process of scapula
Long Head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, tendon in intertubercular sulcus, intracapsular
I: Radial tuberosity
A: Flexes/supinates forearm
Brachialis
O: distal humerus (deep to biceps)
I: Ulna: coronoid process
A: flexes forearm PM
Brachioradialis
O: Distal humerus
I: radius: styloid process
A: flexes forearm
Buccinator
O: maxilla/mandible
I: orbicularis oris
A: compresses the cheek
Deltoid
O: clavicle, acromion/spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity
A: abduction of arm PM
Digastric
O: Mastoid process/Mandible
I: Hyoid bone
A: elevates hyoid bone
Diaphragm
O: inferior, internal surface rib cage and sternum, cartilage last 6 ribs, lumbar vertebrae
I: central tendon
A: inspiration PM
Epicranius frontal belly, occipital belly
O: epicranius aponeurosis, occipital/temporal bone
I: skin of eyebrows, epicranius aponeurosis
A: raises eyebrows, pulls scalp
Errector Spinae: Iliocostalis
O: Iliac crest, ribs
I: cervical transverse processes, ribs
A: Extends the spine, lateral flex spine
Errector Spinae: Longissimus Dorsi
O: transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
I: spinous processes/mastoid process
A: Extend spine, extend head
Errector Spinae: Spinalis Dorsi
O: Spinous process upper lumbar/lower thoracic
I: spinous process upper thoracic, cervical
A: extends spine
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: lateral epicondyle humerus
I: base metacarpal 3
A: extends/abducts hand
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: humerus lateral epiphysis
I: base metacarpal 2
A: extends/abducts hand
Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: lateral epicondyle humerus
I: base metacarpal 5
A: extends/abducts hand
Extensor digitorium
O: lateral epicondyle humerus
I: distal phalanges digits 2-5
A: extensor of digits PM
Extensor policis longus/brevis
O: dorsal ulna/radius
I: thumb. longus: distal phalanx
brevis: proximal phalanx
A: extend thumb
Flexor carpi radialis
O: medial epicondyle humerus
I: base metacarpal 2-3
A: flexor, abductor of hand
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O: medical epicondyle humerus, posterior ulna
I: pisiform, hamate, base metacarpal 5
A: flexes, adducts hand
flexor digitorium profundus
O: anterior ulna, coronoid process
I: distal phalanges digits 2-5
A:ONLY muscle for flexing distal phalanges digits
flexor digitorum superficialis
O: medial epicondyle humerus, coronoid process ulna, shaft of radius
I: middle phalanges digits 2-5
A: flexes hand and fingers 2-5
Flexor policis longus
O: radius anterior surface
I: distal thumb phalanx
A:flexes thumb
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinous fossa (scapula)
I: greater tubercle (humerus)
A: lateral rotation of humerus (Rotator cuff)
external intercostals
O: inferior border rib above (fibers oblique down and forward)
I: superior border rib below
A: Inspiration
Internal intercostals
O: inferior border rib above, fibers oblique down and backward
I: superior border rib below
A: expiration
Latissimus Dorsi
O: T7-T12 and all lumbar spinous processes; ribs 10-12
I: Humerus: intertubercular groove
A: extends arm PM
Levator scapulae
O: c1-c4 transverse processes
I: Scapula: superior vertebral border
A: elevates/adducts scapula
Masseter
O: zygomatic arch
I: mandible: ramus/angle
A: elevates mandible PM
Mylohyoid
O: Mandible (medial)
I: hyoid bone
A: elevates hyoid bone/tongue base
external olique
O: last 8 ribs (anterior)
I: linea alba, pubic tubercles, iliac crest
A: flexes/rotates/lateral flex trunk; compresses viscera
internal oblique
O: lumodorsal fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
I: linea alba, pubic crest, costal cartilages 8-10
A: flexes/rotates/lateral flex trunk; compresses viscera
Omohyoid
O: scapula
I: hyoid
A: depress, retract hyoid
Palmaris longus
O: medial epicondyle humerus
I: palmar aponeurosis, skin of palm
A: tenses skin and fascia of palm
pectoralis major
O: clavicle, sternum, 1st 6 ribs
I: Humerus: greater tubercle (lateral lip intertubercular sulcus)
A: arm flexion, PM, adducts, medially rotates arm, extends flexed arm
pectoralis minor
O: ribs 3-5 (near costal cartilages)
I: scapula: coracoid process
A: protracts/depresses scapula
platysma
O: fascia of chest
I: lower margin mandible, skin/muscle corner mouth
A: tenses skin of neck
pronator teres
O: medial epicondyle humerus, coronoid process ulna
I: radius diaphysis
A: forearm pronation (with pronator quadratus)
pronator quadratus
O: distal anterior ulna
I: anterior surface distal radius
A: pronates forearm PM
medial pterygoid
O: medial surface pterygoid process (downward direction)
I: angle of mandible
A: protract, side to side mandible movement
lateral pterygoid
O: sphenoid greater wing (horizontal)
I: condylar process mandible
A: protract, side to side mandible movement
Quadratus lumborum
O: iliac crest
I: transverse processes lumber vertebrae, 12th rib
A: Unilateral: lateral flexion
bilateral: column extension
Rectus abdominis
O: Pubic crest/pubic symphysis
I: xiphoid process & costal cartilages 5-7
A: flexes trunk/compresses viscera
Rhomboids (major, minor)
O: C7-T5 spinous processes
I: Scapula: vertebral border
A: retracts/elevates scapula, rotates glenoid downward
Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)
O: Cervical vertebrae: transverse processes
I: first 2 ribs
A: elevates ribs 1 and 2
Semispinalis
O: transverse processes cervical/thoracic
I:occipital bone, spinous processes cervical/thoracic
A: extends column and head
Serratus anterior
O: ribs 1-8
I: scapula: anterior surface (vertebral border)
A: protracts PM/rotates scapula up
Splenius
O: spinous processes C7-T6, ligament nuchae
I: mastoid process/occipital bone/transverse processes of C2-C4
A: extend/hyperextend head (bilateral), rotation head same side (unilateral)
Sternocleidomastoid
O: Manubrium of sternum. clavicle
I: temporal bone: mastoid process
A: Bilateral: flexion of neck
Unilateral: rotate head OPPOSITE side (contralateral)
Sternohyoid
O: sternum (manubrium)
I: hyoid bone
A: depress hyoid/larynx
Sternothyroid
O: sternum (manubrium)
I: thyroid cartilage
A: depress hyoid/larynx
Subscapularis
O: Subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: humerus: medial rotator; rotator cuff
Supinator
O: lateral epicondyle humerus, proximal ulna (posterior)
I: radius proximal end
A: supinates arm (synergist biceps)
Temporalis
O: temporal fossa
I: mandible: coronoid process
A: elevates mandible
Teres major
O: scapula: posterior surface (inferior)
I: humerus: lesser tubercle (medial lip intertubercular sulcus)
A: extends, medially rotates, adducts humerus (synergy latissimus)
Teres minor
O: lateral margin of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus (posterior)
A: lateral rotation of humerus, rotator cuff
Thyrohyoid
O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid bone
A: depress hyoid, lift larynx
Transverse abdominis
O: inguinal ligament/iliac crest/costal cartilages 5-10
I: linea alba/pubic crest
A: compresses abdominal viscera
Trapezius (upper, middle, lower)
O: occipital bone/spines of C7-T12
I: scapula: acromion/spine; clavicle
A: retracts (adducts) scapula; elevates/depress scapula. extends head
Triceps brachii
O: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle scapula
Lateral head: posterior humerus
Medial head: below the radial groove on humerus
I: Olecranon process of ulna
A: extends forearm PM, extends arm
