archaeplastida

A clade

Glaucophyta (glaucophytes algae) Rhodophyta (red algae)

A

Primary Endosymbiosis- Chlorphylla,beta

Floridean starch

Green Algae Land plants: Viviplantae

Ulvophyceae(ulvophytes) Charophyceae(stoneworts) Coleochartophyceae(Colecgetes) Zygnematophyceaes(conjugating algae)

Viridiplantae

Chloroplhyll B, Loss of phycobilin, Loss of floridean starch, Sporoollenin, freashwater habitat, gametangia, egg retention on parents

NonVascular plants: Land plants, Embryophyta

Anthocerophyta(hornworts), Bryophtya (mosses), Heoaticophyta(liverworts)

Embryophyta:

Cuticles, pores, stomata, complex gametangia, embryo retention on parents, increase in spore wall thickness, Alternation of generation life cycles

Seedless plants Vascular plants: Trancheophyta

Lycophyta(club mosses), Psilotphyta(whisk ferns), Pteridophyta(ferns), Equisetophyta(horsetails)

Tracheophyta:

Vascular tissue, Sporophytes- dominated life cycles, tracheids,roots,true leaves, heterospory

Gymnosperms Seed plants: Spermatophyta

Ginkgophyta(ginkgoes), Cycadophyta (cycads), Cupressophyta (redwoods),Pinophyta(pines),Gnetophyta(gnetophytes)

Spermatophyta

Seeds, wood, heteropspory, pollen

Angiosperm

Anthophyta(angiosperms)

Spermatophyta: angiosperms

Flower, fruit

Floridean starch

storage carbonhydrates in red algae

Loss of phycobilin

pigment found in red algae that needed to be lost because it adapted to different light causing it to need to reflect green light

Loss of floridean starch

now green so no need to asbord green light

Sporopollenon

thick wall, protection, water resistance

Gametangia

protect sex cells

Cuticles

prevent water loss

complex gametangia

protect gamete with greater specialization

Alternation of generation life cycles

more chance of surivival & more alleles genes (hap —> dip)

Sporphytes-dominated life cycle

more genertic variation

Tracheids

water transport,structure support

heterospory

specialization of gametophytes,seed evolution

TSAR secondary

Diatoms, phaeophyceae (brown algae), Alveolata

Archaeplastida primary endosymbiosis

embryophyta (land plants), Zygnematophyceae, ulvophyceae, phodophyta (red algea) Glaucophytes

Excavata Secondary endosymbiosis

Euglenids

Homologous

body parts in different species that share a common ancestry

homoplastic

traits or feastures in defferent species that appear similar but have evoloved independently not from common ancestor

convergent evolution

process where unrelated species independetly evolve similar traits

deep homology

to the surprising discovery that very different organism share common genetic and developmental machanismis inherited from a distant common ancestor

dvelopmental homology

refers to similarities in the embryonic development stage of different species

structure homology

refers to similarities in the anato,ical features or physical structures of different organismis from common ancestor