acid & base exam 2
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13 Terms
Normal ABG pH?
7.35–7.45.
Normal PaCO2?
35–45 mmHg.
Normal HCO3−?
22–26 mEq/L.
ROME method?
Respiratory Opposite (pH and CO2 opposite); Metabolic Equal (pH and HCO3 move together).
Respiratory acidosis — ABG and cause?
Low pH, high PaCO2; hypoventilation, such as opioid-induced respiratory depression.
Respiratory alkalosis — ABG and cause?
High pH, low PaCO2; hyperventilation.
Metabolic acidosis — ABG and cause?
Low pH, low HCO3; severe diarrhea is one cause.
Metabolic alkalosis — ABG and cause?
High pH, high HCO3; prolonged vomiting is one cause.
How to distinguish primary acid-base disorder from compensation?
First identify pH direction; determine whether CO2 or HCO3 best explains it; then assess compensatory changes.
sodium bicarbonate (brand not specified) — generic, brand, pharmacologic and therapeutic class?
Generic: sodium bicarbonate. Brand: brand not specified. Pharmacologic: alkalinizing agent. Therapeutic: antacid (lecture wording).
sodium bicarbonate (brand not specified) — nursing implications and side effects?
Nursing: monitor ABGs. Side effects: metabolic alkalosis. Special: Lecture associates with treatment of metabolic acidosis.
acetazolamide (brand not specified) — generic, brand, pharmacologic and therapeutic class?
Generic: acetazolamide. Brand: brand not specified. Pharmacologic: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Therapeutic: diuretic.
acetazolamide (brand not specified) — nursing implications and side effects?
Nursing: monitor ABGs. Side effects: metabolic acidosis. Special: Lecture associates with treatment of metabolic alkalosis.