HP Child Development and Families

Erickson’s Stage ages 12-18

Identity vs. Role Confusion
-Exploring personal values
-Success navigating personal and social roles leads to a strong sense of self
-Confusions leads to uncertainty about the future

Erickson’s Stage ages 6-11

Industry vs. Inferiority
-Success and being recognized at school or with peers builds pride in self

-Failure or negative feedback builds inferiority

Erickson’s Stage ages 2-3

Autonomy vs. Doubt and Shame
-Developing a sense of control and physical independence
-Overbearing or hypercritical parents can build doubt or shame

Centration (when and what)

Preoperational (ages 2-7)
Focusing on only one aspect of a situation and ignoring others

Ericksons Stage ages 0-1

Trust vs. Mistrust
-Response and affectionate caregivers build trust
-Inconsistent care or neglect leads to mistrust or anxiety

Conservation (when and what)

Concrete Operational (ages 7-11)
Knowing quantity stays the same even if shape changes

Preoperational Stage

Ages 2-7
-Children learn through language, pretend play, and symbolic thinking
-Key traits include: centration and egocentrism

Erickson’s Stage ages 3-5

Initiative vs Guilt
-Children who plan activities and are supported develop a sense of purpose
-Children who are made to feel silly can develop guilt

Object Permanence (age and stage)

9 months - Sensorimotor

Sensorimotor Stage

0-2 years
-Children learn through senses and motor functions
-Key milestone: Object permanence

Concrete Operational

Ages 7-11

-Logical thought
-Cause and effect
-Key milestone includes: conservation

Formal Operations

12 years - adulthood
-Abstract thoughts
- “what if’s”
-Marks the end of cognitive development according to Piaget

Development vs Growth

Growth: increases in physical size. Measured easily and accurately
Development: maturation over time. Includes physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains

Type of language: Ability to understand

passive or receptive language

The ability to produce meaningful vocalizations

Expressive language

Language at 6-7 months

Rrespond to their own names

Language at 12-13 months

First words

Language at age 2

300+ words
2 word sentences

Language age 4

developing a sense of grammar

True or False: children understand more words than they can say

True

Type of play seen in toddlers where they are playing near each other but not with the same items or WITH each other

Parallel play

Associate Play

Toddlers - Preschool
-No rules
-Group playing with same things but doing their own thing with it

Cooperative play

Late preschool
-There is usually a leader in the group leading the play

Onlooker Play

Toddler
- Just watching

Familiarization play

Exposes children to things they may see in a hospital system

Peer Group Play (age)

Early adolescence

Contradictions to live vaccines

-Individual is immunocompromised
-History of allergy to vaccine

True or False: regression is normal and usually short term

True

Age range when separation anxiety is most common

Toddlers (8-30 months)

Stage of separation anxiety when child is agitated, resists caregivers, and cries inconsolably

Protest

Stage of separation anxiety when child feels hopeless, becomes withdrawn and apathetic

Despair

Stage of separation anxiety when child becomes interested in the environment but may ignore parents when they return

Detachment

Signs of respiratory distress in children

cyanosis, retractions, increased breathing effort, flared nostrils

Westley Scoring System

A scoring system for assessing croup. Scored from 0-17. A score over 12 indicates that respiratory failure is likely

Croup Key Finding

Stridor at rest

Treatment for moderate cases of Croup

Steroids - Dexamenthasone

Croup Pathophys

Swelling and inflammation of the upper respiratory system

Treatment for severe cases of Croup

Epi

Impetigo - Pathophys

Skin infection

Nonbullous vs bullous Impetigo

Nonbollous - honey colored crust, usually on face or extremities.
Bullous - large blister filled with clear or yellow fluids. Can lead to deep skin lesions