Ch. 23 Vessels & Circulation

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the __________ and the tissues of the body.

A. arteries

B. veins

C. capillaries

D. capillaries and veins

E. capillaries and arteries

capillaries

As an arterial pathway moves farther from the heart, the arteries

A. get smaller.

B. get larger.

C. show no change in their lumen size.

get smaller

As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins

A. get smaller.

B. get larger.

C. show no change in their lumen size.

get larger

Which are considered end arteries?

A. Epigastric arteries

B. Renal arteries

C. Splenic arteries

D. Epigastric and renal arteries

E. Renal and splenic arteries

Renal and splenic arteries

A network of small arteries called the ___________ provides a blood supply to the tunica externa of very large vessels.

A. vasa vasorum

B. companion vessels

C. distributing arteries

D. fenestrated arteries

E. thoroughfare channels

vasa vasorum

The ________ is composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer made up of a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

A. tunica media

B. tunica externa

C. tunica intima

D. tunica adventitia

E. None of the answers is correct.

tunica intima

The ________ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.

A. tunica media

B. tunica externa

C. tunica intima

D. tunica interna

E. None of the answers is correct.

tunica media

In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the

A. tunica media.

B. tunica externa.

C. tunica intima.

D. tunica adventitia.

E. None of these answers is correct.

tunica media

Which are found in the capillary wall?

a) Endothelium

b) Subendothelial layer

c) Internal elastic lamina

d) Intercellular clefts

e) External elastic lamina

f) Basement membrane

- Endothelium

- Intercellular clefts

- Basement membrane

In general, as an artery's diameter decreases, there is a(n)

A. decrease in the amount of smooth muscle and an increase in the number of elastic fibers.

B. increase in the amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the number of elastic fibers.

C. increase in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

D. decrease in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

increase in the amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the number of elastic fibers

The largest arteries of the body are classified as

A. muscular arteries.

B. arterioles.

C. elastic arteries.

D. muscular and elastic since they have the same dimensions.

elastic arteries

Which is the correct order of artery types for the passage of blood from the heart to the capillaries?

a) Elastic arteries

b) Arterioles

c) Muscular arteries

Elastic arteries → Muscular arteries → Arterioles

Vasoconstriction of the arterioles will result in ________ in blood pressure.

A. an increase

B. a decrease

C. no change

an increase

Which of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae?

A. Elastic arteries

B. Arterioles

C. Muscular arteries

D. Elastic and muscular arteries

E. Elastic arteries and arterioles

Muscular arteries

In the elastic arteries, which of the tunics have elastic fibers?

A. Tunica externa

B. Tunica intima

C. Tunica media

D. Tunica media and tunica externa

E. Tunica media, tunica intima, and tunica externa

- Tunica media

- Tunica intima

- Tunica externa

The systemic veins carry blood that is _______ oxygen.

A. low in

B. high in

C. absent of any

low in

In general, arterioles have _______ layers of smooth muscle.

A. fewer than six

B. more than six

C. exactly six

D. no

fewer than six

The function of the postcapillary venule is to

A. allow for diffusion of nutrients to the tissues.

B. allow for diffusion of metabolic wastes from the tissues.

C. drain the capillary bed.

D. supply metarteriole with blood.

E. allow for diffusion of nutrients and metabolic wastes.

drain the capillary bed

Precapillary sphincters will

A. control blood flow into the true capillaries.

B. cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.

C. open when the tissue needs nutrients.

D. close when the tissue's needs have been met.

E. All of these answers are correct.

All of these answers are correct

Sinusoids are found in

a) Bone marrow

b) Spleen

c) Small intestine

d) Kidney

e) Liver

f) Muscle

g) Skin

- Bone marrow

- Spleen

- Liver

The most common type of capillaries are

A. fenestrated.

B. sinusoids.

C. continuous.

D. venules.

E. discontinuous.

continuous

Muscles, skin, the thymus, the lungs, and the CNS contain

A. sinusoid capillaries.

B. continuous capillaries.

C. fenestrated capillaries.

D. None of these answers is correct.

continuous capillaries

A venule becomes a vein when its diameter is greater than ____ micrometers.

A. 1

B. 10

C. 100

D. 1000

E. None of these answers is correct.

100

Valves in veins

A. make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow.

B. are the leading cause of high blood pressure.

C. are found only in the largest veins.

D. cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.

E. are formed of the tunica media.

cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction

Blood pressure is lowest in

A. arteries.

B. veins.

C. arterioles.

D. venules.

E. capillaries.

veins

The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel

A. is called the pulse.

B. is called the blood pressure.

C. increases the farther the vessel is from the heart.

D. is greater during diastole.

E. is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein.

is called the blood pressure

Increased cardiac output ______ the blood pressure.

A. decreases

B. increases

C. will not affect

increases

The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the

A. brachiocephalic artery.

B. subclavian arteries.

C. common iliac arteries.

D. common carotid arteries.

common iliac arteries

The artery that bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery is the

A. brachiocephalic artery.

B. right common iliac artery.

C. right brachial artery.

D. right coronary artery.

E. superior vena cava.

brachiocephalic artery

The artery pair that supplies the lower limbs are the

A. common carotid arteries.

B. internal iliac arteries.

C. subclavian arteries.

D. external iliac arteries.

E. vertebral arteries.

external iliac arteries

The most immediate artery responsible for supplying the teeth, gums, nasal cavity, and meninges is the _____ artery.

A. superficial temporal

B. maxillary

C. lingual

D. occipital

E. ascending pharyngeal

maxillary

The artery that will eventually divide to form the posterior cerebral arteries is the _____ artery.

A. basilar

B. external carotid

C. maxillary

D. superficial temporal

E. internal carotid

basilar

The cerebral arterial circle is an anastomosis of arteries around the

A. pons.

B. medulla oblongata.

C. sella turcica.

D. frontal lobes.

E. dural venous sinuses.

sella turcica

The anterior communicating artery of the cerebral arterial circle connects the

A. posterior cerebral arteries.

B. anterior cerebral arteries.

C. vertebral arteries.

D. basilar artery and the internal carotid artery.

E. posterior communicating artery and the middle cerebral artery.

anterior cerebral arteries

The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the

a) Internal jugular veins

b) Right sigmoid sinus

c) Left sigmoid sinus

d) Subclavian veins

e) Straight sinus

- Internal jugular veins

- Subclavian veins

The internal thoracic artery will become the _________, which carries blood to the superior abdominal wall.

A. superior epigastric artery

B. inferior epigastric artery

C. anterior intercostal arteries

D. musculophrenic artery

superior epigastric artery

At the bifurcation of the aorta in the pelvic region, the _______ artery arises to supply the sacrum and coccyx.

A. lumbar

B. posterior intercostal

C. subclavian

D. median sacral

E. femoral

median sacral

The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of the _______ veins.

A. internal thoracic

B. inferior epigastric

C. lumbar

D. brachiocephalic

E. internal jugular

brachiocephalic

Which send blood to either esophageal arteries or esophageal branches to supply the esophagus with blood?

A. Thoracic aorta

B. Bronchial arteries

C. Left gastric artery

D. Thoracic aorta and left gastric artery

E. Bronchial arteries and left gastric artery

Thoracic aorta and left gastric artery

Superior phrenic arteries supply the ______ and emerge from the _____.

A. diaphragm; descending abdominal aorta

B. diaphragm; descending thoracic aorta

C. stomach; descending abdominal aorta

D. pancreas; descending abdominal aorta

E. esophagus; descending thoracic aorta

diaphragm; descending thoracic aorta

Which are unpaired arteries?

a) Superior phrenic

b) Celiac trunk

c) Superior mesenteric

d) Inferior mesenteric

e) Inferior phrenic

f) Vertebral

- Celiac trunk

- Superior mesenteric

- Inferior mesenteric

The branches that arise from the celiac trunk are the

A. left gastric and splenic arteries.

B. left gastroepiploic and splenic arteries.

C. left gastric and common hepatic arteries.

D. left gastric, left gastroepiploic, and splenic arteries.

E. left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries.

left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries

The artery that arises from the descending aorta and is immediately inferior to the celiac trunk is the _____ artery.

A. inferior mesenteric

B. right gastric

C. common hepatic

D. superior mesenteric

E. splenic

superior mesenteric

Which supply the pancreas?

a) Inferior mesenteric artery

b) Gastroduodenal artery

c) Gastroepiploic artery

d) Splenic artery

e) Superior mesenteric artery

- Gastroduodenal artery

- Splenic artery

- Superior mesenteric artery

The inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the

A. transverse colon.

B. transverse colon and descending colon.

C. sigmoid colon.

D. sigmoid colon and ascending colon.

E. transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum.

transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

A. Hepatic portal vein

B. Splenic vein

C. Inferior mesenteric vein

D. Superior mesenteric vein

E. Hepatic veins

Hepatic veins

Which vein receives blood from the pancreatic veins, short gastric veins, and the right gastroepiploic vein?

A. Splenic vein

B. Inferior mesenteric vein

C. Posterior mesenteric vein

D. Hepatic veins

E. Hepatic portal vein

Splenic vein

The left renal vein, right renal vein, right suprarenal vein, and right gonadal vein merge directly into the

A. superior vena cava.

B. great saphenous vein.

C. inferior vena cava.

D. common iliac vein.

E. obturator vein.

inferior vena cava

Which situations are shared by both the blood supply of the lower extremity and the upper extremity?

a) Supplied by a main arterial vessel

b) Have arterial arches

c) Have venous arches

d) Have superficial network of veins

e) Have deep network of veins

- Supplied by a main arterial vessel

- Have arterial arches

- Have venous arches

- Have superficial network of veins

- Have deep network of veins

Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper limb?

A. Axillary artery - brachial artery - subclavian artery - ulnar artery

B. Brachial artery - subclavian artery - axillary artery - radial artery

C. Axillary artery - subclavian artery - radial artery - ulnar artery

D. Subclavian artery - brachial artery - axillary artery - radial artery

E. Subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery

Subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery

The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the _____ and _____ arteries.

A. axillary; subclavian

B. radial; ulnar

C. radial; brachial

D. ulnar; brachial

E. axillary; brachial

radial; ulnar

The _________ run(s) adjacent to the medial surface of the upper limb and eventually helps form the axillary vein.

A. cephalic vein

B. radial veins

C. ulnar veins

D. brachial veins

E. basilic vein

basilic vein

The popliteal artery supplies the

A. hip joint.

B. ankle joint.

C. knee joint.

D. elbow joint.

E. palmar region.

knee joint

Digital arteries extend from the

a) Superficial palmar arch

b) Deep palmar arch

c) Plantar arch

- Superficial palmar arch

- Deep palmar arch

- Plantar arch

The artery that divides and forms the anterior and posterior tibial arteries is the _____ artery.

A. femoral

B. popliteal

C. medial plantar

D. deep femoral

E. axillary

popliteal

The vein that drains immediately into the femoral vein is the ______ vein.

A. small saphenous

B. common iliac

C. posterior tibial

D. anterior tibial

E. great saphenous

great saphenous

The veins that merge to form the inferior vena cava are the _____ veins.

A. external iliac

B. internal iliac

C. popliteal

D. posterior and anterior tibial

E. common iliac

common iliac

Typically, there are _____ left and _____ right pulmonary veins to carry the oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

A. three; two

B. two; three

C. four; four

D. two; two

E. three; three

two; two

The pulmonary arteries have _____ elastic tissue and ______ lumens than systemic arteries.

A. less; wider

B. more; narrower

C. more; wider

D. less; narrower

less; wider

The vitelline system of fetal circulation

A. drains the gastrointestinal region.

B. supplies the placenta.

C. forms the veins of the head and neck.

D. forms the veins of the body wall.

E. drains the limbs.

drains the gastrointestinal region

The __________ vein of fetal circulation forms the hepatic portal system and the liver sinusoids, as well as a portion of the inferior vena cava.

A. right vitelline

B. left vitelline

C. anterior cardinal

D. subcardinal

right vitelline

During blood vessel development, the brachiocephalic trunk is formed from the

A. common dorsal aorta.

B. aortic sac.

C. umbilical arteries.

D. umbilical vein.

E. fifth aortic arch vessel.

aortic sac

By the second month of development, within the umbilical cord there are _____ umbilical vein(s) and _____ umbilical artery(ies).

A. one; one

B. two; two

C. one; two

D. two; one

E. two; three

one; two

During blood vessel development, the ________ veins form the hemiazygos and azygos system of veins.

A. subcardinal

B. supracardinal

C. anterior cardinal

D. umbilical

E. vitelline

supracardinal

Which fetal circulatory structure shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

A. Foramen ovale

B. Ductus venosus

C. Ductus arteriosus

D. Umbilical vein

E. Umbilical artery

Ductus arteriosus

The reason much of the blood in the fetal right atrium is shunted to the left atrium through the foramen ovale is

A. the blood pressure in the right atrium is greater than in the left atrium.

B. there is a valve that directs the blood that way.

C. the fetus is in an antigravity situation provided by the amnionic fluid.

D. the blood pressure in the left atrium is greater than in the right atrium.

E. the umbilical arteries have valves.

the blood pressure in the right atrium is greater than in the left atrium

After birth, the umbilical vein becomes the

A. fossa ovalis.

B. ligamentum arteriosum.

C. ligamentum teres.

D. ligamentum venosum.

E. medial umbilical ligaments.

ligamentum teres

The umbilical arteries carry _______ blood.

A. deoxygenated

B. oxygenated

C. no

deoxygenated

The fetal shortcut from the right atrium to the left atrium is the

A. ductus arteriosus.

B. ductus venosus.

C. umbilical vein.

D. umbilical artery.

E. foramen ovale.

foramen ovale

The foramen ovale closes at birth due to

A. higher pressure in the left atrium, which causes interatrial septum flaps to close.

B. rapid myocardial tissue growth stimulated by pregnancy hormones.

C. a rise in fetal oxygen levels, which triggers growth of the epithelial lining.

D. an increase in endothelial mucous production, which forms a plug.

E. migration of connective tissue from the right atrioventricular valve.

higher pressure in the left atrium, which causes interatrial septum flaps to close

Blood pressure ________ as blood travels from arteries, through capillaries, to the veins.

A. decreases

B. increases

C. stays constant

decreases