10/9 Intelligence

Intelligence

ability to solve problems and adapt and learn from the environment

intelligence definition limitations

interpersonal skills? memory? vocab use? novelty?

Spearman — psychometric approach

• g factor: governs performance across all cognitive task

• one specific overall level of intelligence

• could be the result of outside factors

Sternberg — triarchic theory of intelligence

• three main levels of intelligence: analytical, creative, practical

• levels often relate to one another

Gardner — theory of multiple intelligences

logical, mathematical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic intelligence

intelligence tests

established techniques that allow researchers to compare an individual to their age and culture equivalent peers in order to determine how much more or less “intelligent” a person is

first intelligence test

Alfred binet

alfred binet

• one of the first to study intelligence

• tasked by Frecnh Ministry of Education to find a way to help children that could not profit off traditional education

• worked w/ student Theodore Simon

alfred binet test

sentence generation, naming body parts, remembering number strings

binet-simon test

comparing children of different ages in how well they performed the basic and more complex skills

• used 50 avg kids, 10 per group

mental age (binet-simon)

the age that the child’s responses were most indicative of

chronological age (binet-simon)

the actual age of child

after binet-simon test became popular

• push for more tests for aid in the heritability/eugenics debate

• aim to compare adults and focus on avg/intelligent

standford-binet IQ test dsigned by

lewis terman at standford

stanford binet IQ test

• looked at wider range of ages

• more complex q’s

• measured more topics (fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial reasoning, working memory)

• Included IQ (MA/CA x 100)

• measure of person’s inborn ability to learn

wechsler scales

• standardized scoring (avg = 100, sd = 15)

WAIS

wechsler adult intelligence scale, 16+

WISC

wechsler intelligence scale for childre

what did the wechsler scales test

• series of questions and tasks that broke down intelligence into: verbal skills, non-verbal/performance based, general vs. vategorical intelligence debate

• minimize cultureal and laguage biasing

• used in clincal pscy htoday

raven’s progressive matrics

non-verbal test designed to assess abstract reasoning and general cognitive ability (g)

• test-takers identify rules/patterns (shapes, rotations, progressions) to select the correct fit from multiple choices

Kohs Block Design Test

• assess visuospatial processing, non-verbal problem solving, and abstract reasoning

• Test-takers use painted wooden cubes (with faces that are solid red, solid white, solid blue, solid yellow, or diagonally split colors) to recreate two-dimensional geometric patterns shown on printed cards within set time limits

heritability

the proportion of a characteristic that can be attributed to biology/genetics

nature

the amount of a characteristic that can be attributed to our biology

nurture

the amount of a characteristic that can be attributed to our environment

flynn effect

worldwide increase in intelligence tests performance over the last several decades

• slowing/reversed