AP World History #10 - The Industrial Revolution on Society

Vocabulary flashcards covering social changes, reform movements, labor history, and key figures during the Industrial Revolution.

Extended Family

Family structure including multiple generations under one household (children, parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins).

Nuclear Family

Family unit consisting of parents and their children; became more common in industrial societies.

Proletariat

Working class in Europe, particularly industrial wage earners who don't own the means of production and must sell their labor power to survive.

Class Consciousness

The recognition by members of a class (especially the proletariat) of their common identity, experiences, and interests; originated in Europe.

Cult of Domesticity

19th-century ideology idealizing women's roles as a pure, submissive domestic guardian of the home and family.

Consumerism

A social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts.

Labor unions

Organizations of workers formed to protect and further their rights and improve conditions, particularly through collective bargaining and strikes; began in Europe.

Factory Act of 1833

British law limiting the hours children could work in textile factories, creating a system of factory inspectors to enforce the law, and improving factory conditions.

Strike

Work stoppage by a body of workers as a form of protest to demand better conditions or pay.

Collective Bargaining

Negotiation between an employer and a group of employees (labor union) to reach agreements on working conditions, salaries, and benefits.

Luddites

English textile workers in the early 19th century who destroyed machinery they believed threatened their jobs.

Pullman Company

U.S. manufacturer of railroad cars, whose massive wage cuts led to a major labor strike in 1894.

Pullman Strike

1894 American railway workers' strike against wage cuts and poor conditions in North America.

Upton Sinclair

American journalist and author of "The Jungle" that exposed the horrific working and sanitary conditions in the Chicago meatpacking industry.

Jacob Riis

Danish-American journalist and photographer who exposed the living conditions of the poor in New York City in his book "How the Other Half Lives."

Utilitarianism

A political and moral philosophy originating in Europe emphasizing that the best ethical action is the one that maximizes happiness and well-being for the greatest number of people.

Utopia

An imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect, a concept that inspired some early socialists to attempt to create ideal communities as an alternative to industrial capitalism.

Suffrage

The right to vote in political elections, extended through reform movements.

Abolitionist Movement

The movement to end the practice of slavery in Europe and the Americas.

Olaudah Equiano

Former enslaved African who wrote a famous autobiography about his experiences as an enslaved African man and his eventual freedom.

Jose Antonio de Alzate y Ramirez

18th century Mexican priest, scientist, and intellectual who promoted Enlightenment ideas and scientific study in New Spain.

Feminism

Movement advocating for women's political, social, and economic equality, which gained momentum during and after the Enlightenment.

Olympe de Gouges

French playwright and political activist who demanded equal rights for women during the French Revolution and challenged the Revolution's failure to extend equal rights to women.

Lucretia Mott

American abolitionist and women's rights advocate who helped organize the Seneca Falls Conference and the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

An American suffragist, leading figure of the U.S. women's suffrage movement, and Seneca Falls organizer.

Victorian

Pertaining to the period of Queen Victoria's rule in Great Britain (1837–1901), marked by strict moral codes and the ideal of the Cult of Domesticity.

Forton Family

A prominent and wealthy family of free African Americans in Philadelphia during the 19th century who were influential in the abolitionist movement.

"New Woman"

Late 19th-century concept of an independent, educated woman, challenging traditional gender roles of the Victorian era.

Seneca Falls Conference

The first women's rights convention in the U.S. that took place in New York, organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton, which issued the Declaration of Sentiments.

Triangle Shirtwaist Company

Site of a 1911 factory fire in New York that killed 146 garment workers, primarily young immigrant women, leading to gathered support for workplace safety regulations.

Universal Suffrage

Voting rights extended to all adults regardless of gender, wealth, income, race, or societal status.

Temperance

Social movement led primarily by women and often connected with Evangelical Christianity advocating moderation or prohibition of alcohol.