orgo chapters 7-12

keto vs enol

keto—> double bond between O and central C

enol—> double bond between central C and alpha C,

ENOLATE—> NEG CHARGE ON O

aldol condensation

creates aldol+ new C-C bond, aldol—> contains both aldehyde and alc

draw out aldol and retro aldol

HOW TO SYNTEHESIZE CARB ACIDS

primary alc/aldehyde+jones/KMnO4—> carb acid

draw out nuc acyl substitution mechanism

pi stacking

when multiple layers of p oribital stack on top of each other, very stable

ester synthesis

carb acid+ ROH—> ester (carb acid w/OR)

anhydride synthesis

2 carb acids+ lots of heat and acid—> anhydride (2 carb acids with an O in the middle)

why are anhydrides important

ATP basically

very very electrophilic carbon/P position,

draw out electrophilicity chart