Understanding the Self: Unit 2 - Unpacking the Self

Comprehensive practice vocabulary flashcards covering the six key aspects of the self (Physical, Material/Economic, Sexual, Political, Digital, and Spiritual) from Unit 2: Unpacking the Self.

Physical Self

The concrete dimension and tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined.

William James' Concept of the Physical Body

The perspective that the physical body serves as an initial source of sensation and is necessary for the origin and maintenance of human personality.

Psychosexual Theory of Development

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory establishing that the physical body and its erogenous zones form the core of human personality development across five stages.

Oral Stage

The first psychosexual stage (birth to 1.5 years) in which the mouth serves as the primary erogenous zone for pleasure and sensation.

Anal Stage

The second psychosexual stage (1.5 to 3 years) focused on bowel and bladder control as the primary erogenous focus.

Phallic Stage

The third psychosexual stage (4 to 5 years) centered on genital erogenous stimulation and gender exploration.

Latent Stage

The fourth psychosexual stage (5 years to puberty) during which sexual impulses and libidinal energy remain dormant and inactive.

Genital Stage

The fifth psychosexual stage beginning at puberty, characterized by the emergence and maturation of adult sexual interests.

Psychosocial Theory of Development (Erik Erikson)

A developmental framework emphasizing that bodily organs are critical in early development, whereas physical and intellectual skill mastery later in life determines competence and adult role selection.

Somatic Society

A term coined by Bryan Turner in the 1990s describing the newfound structural importance and cultural emphasis placed on the human body within contemporary society.

Body Shaming

The act of criticizing one's own or another individual's appearance through judgment, negative comparison, or unsolicited derogatory remarks.

Anorexia Nervosa

A DSM-5 eating disorder characterized by severe loss of body weight and a persistent refusal to eat, while physiological appetite typically remains intact.

Bulimia Nervosa

A DSM-5 eating disorder characterized by recurrent, uncontrollable episodes of binge eating with or without compensatory purging through vomiting.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A DSM-5 psychological disorder characterized by a distressing, impairing preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in one's physical appearance.

Material Self

The dimension of selfhood consisting of tangible objects, people, or places that carry the personal designation 'my' or 'mine.'

Bodily Self

An intimate component of the material self that refers specifically to any physical part of one's own body.

Extended Self

A component of the material self referring to external entities beyond the biological body that an individual claims through psychological ownership.

Functions of Possessions

The symbolic roles played by material items beyond utilitarian value, such as conveying influence, power, sympathy, social status, and emotions.

Materialism

The degree of importance a consumer attaches to worldly possessions, making material consumption the primary source of satisfaction and motivation.

Symbolic Communication Model

A model positing that possessions function as outward symbols and extensions of personal and social identity, helping individuals define, compensate for, and enhance their selfhood.

Conspicuous Consumption

The practice wherein consumers buy and display high-priced, luxury, or status-oriented goods to impress others and signal elevated social standing.

Possessions as Unstable Meanings

The concept that the cultural and social meanings of material possessions remain in constant flux due to continual manipulation by individuals, subcultures, and marketing agents.

50/30/20 Budgeting Method

A financial management guideline allocating $50\%$ of income to needs, $30\%$ to wants, and $20\%$ to savings.

7 Day Rule for Money Management

A spending control technique in which a consumer deliberately waits 7 days before purchasing a non-essential item to evaluate whether the desire persists.

Autosomes

The first 22 pairs of human chromosomes that contain general genetic material and are not directly involved in biological sex determination.

Sex Chromosomes

The 23rd pair of chromosomes ($XX$ in genetic females and $XY$ in genetic males) that determines an organism's genetic sex.

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Non-reproductive physical traits that emerge during puberty, such as facial hair, enlarged Adam's apple, pubic hair, breast development, and widening of hips.

Erogenous Zones

Specific parts of the body that possess heightened sensory sensitivity and produce sexual arousal when stimulated.

Lust (Neurochemistry)

The initial erotic drive mediated by the hypothalamus, which stimulates the gonads to produce the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen.

Attraction (Neurochemistry)

The relationship phase involving brain reward pathways driven by elevated dopamine and norepinephrine, producing exhilaration, euphoria, energy, and insomnia.

Prefrontal Cortex Deactivation in Romance

The neurobiological effect where intense states of lust and attraction suppress the prefrontal cortex, leading to impaired rational assessment.

Attachment (Neurochemistry)

The neurochemical phase that sustains long-term romantic relationships, infant-parent bonding, and friendships, governed by oxytocin and vasopressin.

Oxytocin

A neuropeptide produced by the hypothalamus, often termed the 'cuddle hormone,' that is released during sex, childbirth, and breastfeeding to promote bonding.

Vasopressin

A hormone produced in the hypothalamus that acts in tandem with oxytocin to support pair bonding, devotion, and long-term attachment.

Biological Sex

A person's physiological classification based on anatomy, reproductive organs, chromosomes, and hormonal profiles.

Intersex

A reproductive condition in which an individual is born with chromosomal, hormonal, or anatomical variations that do not fit binary medical definitions of male or female.

Gender

A socially constructed system of roles, distinctions, attitudes, and behaviors that a specific culture attributes to biological sex.

Gender-Normative Behavior

Conduct, expression, and behavior that conforms directly to established cultural expectations associated with a person's biological sex.

Gender Non-Conformity

Behaviors, self-expressions, and identities that diverge from the expected cultural standards associated with a person's assigned biological sex.

Gender Identity

An individual's deeply felt, internal sense of being male, female, both, or neither, which may or may not correspond to their biological sex assigned at birth.

Cisgender

A term describing an individual whose gender identity corresponds directly to their assigned biological sex at birth.

Transgender

An umbrella term describing an individual whose internal gender identity and lived experience do not correspond to their assigned sex at birth.

Transwoman

An individual who was assigned male at birth but whose internal gender identity is female.

Transman

An individual who was assigned female at birth but whose internal gender identity is male.

Gender Expression

The outward manifestation of one's gender identity conveyed through personal behavior, apparel, voice, hairstyle, and body mannerisms.

Sexual Orientation

An individual's enduring pattern of physical, emotional, spiritual, and romantic attraction to persons of a specific sex or gender.

Heterosexual

A sexual orientation defined by romantic and sexual attraction to individuals of the opposite gender or sex.

Homosexual

A sexual orientation defined by romantic and sexual attraction to individuals of the same gender or sex.

Bisexual

A sexual orientation defined by romantic and sexual attraction toward both men and women.

Unitive and Procreative Purposes

The Catholic Church's dual theological mandate for sexual intercourse: to unite spouses emotionally and spiritually ('unitive') and to generate new life ('procreative').

Republic Act 8504

The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998, which mandated nationwide education campaigns and protected the civil liberties of individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS.

Republic Act 11166

A Philippine law establishing HIV education as a basic right, prohibiting HIV-related discrimination, offering free antiretroviral treatment, and allowing minors aged 15–17 to test without parental consent.

SOGIESC Equality Act

A proposed Philippine legislative measure prohibiting discrimination based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity or Expression, or Sex Characteristics.

Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections

Infections such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis that can be effectively treated and cured with appropriate antibiotics.

Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections

Infections such as Herpes, HIV, and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) that cannot be cured with antibiotics but can be clinically managed with therapy.

Political Self

An increasing personal awareness of the deeply dysfunctional and divisive nature of traditional political and economic institutions.

Political Psychology

An interdisciplinary social science combining political science and psychology to explain political phenomena and the psychological drivers of political behavior.

Political Ideology

A stable, structured set of interrelated beliefs and attitudes that organizes an individual's viewpoints regarding political and social issues.

Political Behavior

Any individual or collective participation in political processes or activities that results in consequences for governance, policy, or public administration.

Political Power

The capacity of an individual or organized group to direct and influence the mindset, values, and actions of citizens within a state.

Left-Wing Liberalism

A political spectrum pole focused on progressive social change, civil liberties, and socioeconomic equality.

Right-Wing Conservatism

A political spectrum pole centered on the defense of traditional morality, social order, established institutions, and hierarchy.

Percolation-Up Model

A theoretical model asserting that sovereign power originates with the citizenry, who delegate power to elected leaders to govern on their behalf.

Drip-Down Model

A top-down power model positing that sovereign political authority rests entirely within ruling state leadership rather than the citizenry.

Politics

The collective actions, structures, and activities involved in acquiring, distributing, and exercising authoritative power within a society.

Philippine Political Culture

The pattern of attitudes shaping Filipino politics, characterized by strong kinship ties, euphemisms, utang na loob, paternalism, and perceived widespread corruption.

Utang na Loob (in Politics)

The Filipino cultural norm of reciprocal obligation that leads constituents and politicians to prioritize personal indebtedness and patron loyalty over civic policy.

Jus Sanguinis

The legal principle ('law of blood') whereby an individual acquires citizenship at birth based on the citizenship of their biological parents.

Jus Soli

The legal principle ('law of soil') establishing that an individual's citizenship at birth is determined by the geographical territory of their birth.

Governance

The established traditions and institutional frameworks that govern how public authority is exercised, policies are executed, and state resources are monitored.

Active Citizenship

Structured and everyday civic engagement in political and community processes aimed at improving public welfare and democratic efficacy.

Article XIV, Section 3 (1987 Philippine Constitution)

The constitutional provision obligating educational institutions to develop patriotic, nationalistic, ethical, disciplined, and civically responsible citizens.

Bayanihan

A traditional Filipino cultural value denoting communal unity, selfless mutual assistance, and cooperative effort to achieve a common civic objective.

Digital Self

The identity, persona, and behavioral presentation an individual constructs and expresses within digital networks and cyberspace.

Cyberpsychology

A branch of applied psychology examining how humans interact through technology, how devices shape behavior, and how psychological wellbeing is affected by cyberspace.

Actual Self (Online Context)

The authentic self-concept encompassing an individual's true traits, thoughts, and emotions, which can be presented online without physical barriers.

Ideal Self (Online Context)

The curated digital persona reflecting who an individual aspires to be, often highlighting idealized traits and lifestyles on social media.

Ought Self (Online Context)

The digital self-presentation driven by the characteristics, behaviors, and obligations an individual feels they should display to meet social expectations.

Online Anonymity

The condition of being unidentifiable in virtual spaces, granting individuals freedom to express aspects of their true selves they might conceal in face-to-face settings.

Digital Citizenship (Council of Europe)

A framework comprising three digital domains: Being Online (access, learning, literacy), Well-being Online (ethics, health, presence), and Rights Online (privacy, participation, security).

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO)

A pervasive anxiety triggered by the perception that others are enjoying rewarding experiences while one is absent, compelling continuous online connectivity.

Screen Dependency Disorder

An emerging clinical pattern of compulsive screen use marked by tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, loss of offline interests, and continued use despite adverse consequences.

Internet Gaming Disorder

A proposed DSM-5 condition characterized by persistent, compulsive internet gaming resulting in progressive loss of control, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms.

Spiritual Self

The dimension of selfhood involving belief in supernatural realities, sacred practices, and the individual search for ultimate meaning and purpose.

Religion

An organized institutional system of beliefs and doctrines concerning the supernatural realm, reinforced through communal rituals and practices.

Spirituality

An individualized, profound quest for sacred connection, existential direction, and transcendent meaning without the requisite structure of a formal organization.

Calendric Rituals

Religious rituals and ceremonies scheduled and celebrated periodically according to a formal theological or astronomical calendar.

Crisis Rituals

Religious rituals performed spontaneously or as needed in direct response to personal, collective, or biological emergencies and crises.

Catholic Sacraments: Three Categories

The 7 Catholic sacraments categorized into Sacraments of Initiation (Baptism, Eucharist, Confirmation), Sacraments of Healing (Reconciliation, Anointing), and Sacraments of Vocational Consecration (Matrimony, Ordination).

Synthetic-Conventional Stage

James Fowler's stage of faith development (age 12 and up) marked by conformity to personal myth, religious authority, and peer expectations, where belief conflicts are largely avoided.

Logotherapy

Viktor Frankl's psychotherapeutic theory asserting that human beings find meaning through creating a work or doing a deed, experiencing something or encountering someone, and maintaining a courageous attitude toward unavoidable suffering.