Psychology Exam 1- pack 3

biopsychology

divisions of nervous system/functions

glial cells- provide scaffolding, allow neural communication, insulation, and transport. neurons- information processors (glial and neurons in 1:1 ratio)

name parts of neuron top to bottom

dendrite, cell membrane, soma, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier, axon terminal, terminal buttons

dendrites

input sites

terminal vesicles

contain synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitters

myelin sheath

increases speed

receptors

proteins on surface where neurotransmitters attatch

membrane potential

difference in charge across membrane

resting potential

ions lined up on either side of membrane

sodium potassium pump

3Na out 2K in

threshold of exitation

action potential begins

action potential

electrical signal that moves from cell body down axon to axon terminals

reuptake

neurotransmitter pumped back into the neuron that released it to clear the synapse

psychotropic medications

drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance

neurotransmitters

made inside the body (endo), created at axon terminals using nutrients from diet, released by a neuron not a gland, act upon receptors to produce an effect

drugs

come from outside the body (exo)

agonists

mimic neurotransmitter balance

antagonists

block normal activity at receptor

reuptake inhibitors

neurotransmitters remain active for longer durations

central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

connects CNS to body

peripheral subdivisions

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

somatic nervous system

conscious/voluntary, motor neurons- exit, sensor neurons- arrive

autonomic nervous system

outside voluntary control, sympathetic- stress related, parasympathetic- returning to day-to-day functions

physical dependence

changes in normal bodily functions

psychological dependence

emotional needs

tolerance

requires more drug each time

withdrawal

symptoms opposite of the effects of the drug

lobes

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

frontal

reasoning, motor control, language, and emotion

left hemisphere

controls right body, memory, attention, and positive emotions

right hemisphere

left body, pitch perception, arousal, and negative emotions

motor cortex

movement

brocas orca

language

parietal

processing info from the senses

somatosensory cortex

processes touch/sensation

temporal lobe

hearing, memory, emotion, and some language

auditory cortex

hearing

wernickes area

speech comprehension

occipital lobe

visual cortex

thalamus

sensory relay

limbic system

emotional and memory processing- hippocampus (learning/memory), amygdala (emotion tying to memories), hypothalamus (homeostatic processes)

midbrain

structures deep within

reticular formation

regulating sleep wake arousal alertness motor

VTA

produce dopamine, movement, mood reward addiction

medulla

autonomic processes, regulatory

cerebellum

messages from muscles tendons joints

hindbrain

pons, medulla and cerebellum

computerized tomography (CT)

passes through tissues of different densities at different rates to make overall image, tumor/brain atrophy

Positron emission tomography (PET)

map of active and inactive area uses tracer in blood stream.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

tracking blood flow and oxygen levels

magnetic resonance imaging MRI

magnets cause hydrogen atoms to move, measured as they go back

eeg

electrodes around head to see electrical activity or brainwaves