VQ3

Gibbons V ogden

Supreme court ruled the power to regulate interstate commerce granted to congress by the commerce clause includes the power to regulate navigation

Full faith and credit

United states must recognize all legal documents even if they are from other states.

Extradition

States must return citizens who committed crimes in a state back to that state

Privileges and immunities

All citizens have the same rights and immunities in every other state

Dual Federalism

State government and federal government have distinct non overlapping spheres of power.

Cooperative federalism

National and state levels share power and work together to solve common problems

Fiscal federalism

An economic framework that describes how spending responsibilities and revenue raising powers are divided among different levels of government.

Categorical grants

Federal finanical aid issued to state and local governments that must be spent on narrowly defined specific purposes.

Revenue sharing

Financial aid issued to state and local governments from the federal government without any set conditions.

Devolution

Responsibilities shift from the federal government to the local government.

Federalism

system of government where power is shared among national government and state governments

Unitary government

system where government power and authority is concentrated into a single national government

Confederation

political union of sovereign states or regions that join together for common action

Mandates

Government orders given to states in which states are required to obey

Supremacy Clause

Established US constitution. federal laws and treaties take priory over any state laws

Tenth Amendment

any powers not given to the federal government or blocked from the states belong to the states

McCulloch v. Maryland

National bank established in maryland and established the supremacy of federal law over state law and congress’s right to use implied powers

Enumerated powers

specific, explicit grants of authority given to the federal government by the US constitution

Implied powers

Powers not explicitly written in the US constitution but are reasonably deduced

Elastic clause

section of US constitution that gives congress power to pass any law needed to carry out assigned duties.

Block grants

Fixed sums of money awarded by the federal government to state and local governments for broadly defined purposes.

Reserved powers

powers not granted to the federal government or prohibited to the states (10th amendment)