Features of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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22 Terms

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Prokaryote Typical Size
0.2-2 um diameter
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Eukaryote Typical Size
7-100 um diameter (larger)
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Prokaryote Cell Type
Unicellular (except cyanobacteria)
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Eukaryote Cell Type
Unicellular or Multicellular
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Prokaryote Genetic Material
Circular DNA, no histones (except some)
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Eukaryote Genetic Material
Linear DNA with histones
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Prokaryote Nuclear Body
Nucleoid (No nucleus)
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Eukaryote Nuclear Body
True nucleus
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Prokaryote Cell Wall
Peptidoglycan (most bacteria)
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Eukaryote Cell Wall
If present: cellulose (plants), chitin (fungi); absent in animals
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Prokaryote Cell Division
Binary fission
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Eukaryote Cell Division
Mitosis (somatic), meiosis (gametes)
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Prokaryote Cytoplasmic Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer, usually no sterols
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Eukaryote Cytoplasmic Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer with sterols
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Prokaryote Membrane-bound Organelles

Absent Membrane-bound Organelles

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Eukaryote Membrane-bound Organelles

Present Membrane-bound Organelles

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Prokaryote Protein Synthesis Site

Protein Synthesis Site: Free ribosomes

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Eukaryote Protein Synthesis Site

Protein Synthesis Site: Ribosomes on ER

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Prokaryotes Energy Production Site

Energy Production Site: Cytoplasmic membrane

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Eukaryote Energy Production Site

Energy Production Site: Mitochondria

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Prokaryote Ribosomal Size
70S (50S + 30S)
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Eukaryote Ribosomal Size
80S (60S + 40S)