Exam 1 - Baby Blues and PPD, common concerns

A common, short-term emotional response experienced by new mothers

baby blues

baby blues affects up to ___% of new mothers

80

what is the duration of baby blues

few days after birth up to 2 weeks

what causes baby blues

rapid drop in estrogen and progesterone

fatigue, lack of sleep

stress

recovery

what are emotional symptoms of baby blues

mood swings

anxiety

irritability

sadness

crying spells

A more severe, long-lasting form of depression that occurs after childbirth

PPD

PPD affects about _____-____% of new mothers

10-15

what is the duration of PPD

symptoms begin anytime within FIRST YEAR after childbirth and lasts several months or longer

what are emotional symptoms of PPD

severe mood swings

excessive crying

feelings of worthlessness or guilt

difficulty bonding with baby

how can you differentiate the symptoms of baby blues from those of PPD

baby blues are mild, temporary symptoms

PPD is severe, persistent

do baby blues significantly impact daily functions

not usually, PPD does

pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus

ectopic pregnancy

what is the most common location of an ectopic pregnancy

fallopain tubes

what is the prevalence of ectopic pregnancies

1-2%

how does ectopic pregnancy present

abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding

sharp, stabbing pain, shoulder pain, dizziness, fainting

tenderness on one side of abdomen

what diagnostic tests are used for ectopic pregnancy

ultrasound - absence of intrauterine pregnancy

blood test - lower than expected hCG levels for gestational age

what is the major risk factor for ectopic pregnancy? what age does ectopic pregnancy become more likely?

scarring

35 and older

what is the most common tx for ectopic pregnancy

laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery to remove pregnancy)

after tx for ectopic pregnancy, what is important to mointor? why?

hCG levels to return to zero to ensure all ectopic tissue is removed

what defines a miscarriage

spontaneous loss before 20th week

miscarriage occurs in 1 in ___ pregnancies or about ___%

5, 20%

how does a miscarriage present

vaginal bleeding

abdominal pain that 'feels like your period is starting'

cramps, back pain, passing clots/tissue from the vagina

how would hCG levels present if a miscarriage occurs

falling or not rising as expected

what is this:

pregnancy complicated before 20 weeks gestation

threatened miscarriage

what is this:

cervix has dilated, products have NOT been expelled

inevitable miscarriage

what is this:

some, but not all products of conception have been passed

incomplete miscarriage

what is this:

all products of conception have been passed

complete miscarriage

what is this:

pregnancy in which there is a fetal demise but no uterine activity to expel the products of conception

missed miscarriage

what is this:

complicated by intrauterine infection

septic miscarriage

what is this:

three or more consecutive pregnancy losses

recurrent spontaneous miscarriage

what are some risk factors for miscarriage

age 35

previous miscarriage

chronic conditions

what is the surgical procedure used to remove tissue from the uterus after a miscarriage

dilation and curettage (D&C)

what is another method of removing uterine contents after a miscarriage if D&C is not performed

manual vacuum aspiration

what condition is defined by the placenta partially or completely covering the cervix

placenta previa

is placenta previa common

1 in 200 pregnancies

how does placenta previa present

painless bright red vaginal bleeding in 2nd or 3rd trimester

sudden onset of bleeding, no pain

should a digital exam be performed if the patient has placenta previa? why or why not?

no, risk of triggering bleeding

what are risk factors for placenta previa

previous c-section

multiple pregnancies

35 and older

previous surgeries

when should delivery be planned if the mother has placenta previa

between 36-37 weeks, c-section

what is the definition of placental abruption

placenta detaches from uterine wall before delivary

how does placental abruption present

sudden onset of abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, uterine contractions

back pain, uterine tenderness, decreased fetal movement

what are the different classes of placental abruption

class 0: asymptomatic

class 1: mild

class 2: moderate

class 3: severe

most placental abruptions are class ___. During this class, there is a slightly tender uterus, normal maternal BP and HR, and none to mild vaginal bleeding

1

class 2 placental abruption presents with maternal ____ and fetal ___

tachycardia, distress

class 3 placental abruption presents with maternal ___ and fetal ___

shock, death