advanced cancer prevention

what nano technology helps with cancer detection?

nanotubes, they bind to DNA with genetic changes

what nano technology helps with cancer treatment?

nanoshells, absorbs light to create extreme heat which kills nearby cells.

pros of nanotechnology?

enables targeted medicine delivery, fewer side effects

cons of nanotech?

can easily settle in lungs, causing inflammation or toxicity, high cost and research.

how do cancer vaccines work?

introduce virus’ antigen into the body, and the body kills the virus before it can do damage if it actually enters the body in the future.

phase 1:

evaluate safe dosage, side effects

phase 2:

tests effectiveness of the treatment

phase 3:

compare to the current standard of treatment

phase 4:

track long term side effects, safety in large population.

controlled clinical trial?

one group gets treatment, other does not

randomized clinical trial?

groups chosen at random

double blind clinical trial?

researcher and patient does not know who got what

open clinical trial?

both groups know treatment given

combo clinical trial?

testing medicine in combos

crossover clinical trial?

groups take a medicine, wash out period, then they switch

orphan drug trial?

used to treat rare diseases

what is the thalidommide tragedy? when did it happen?

introduced in the 1950s by a german pharmaceutical company which was branded as a drug for morning sickness and a sedative, children born of the users had severe malformations, over 10k born, half died.

how did the thalidommide tragedy affect legislation?

drug safety overhauls, drug ammendments created, making sure the drug was actually safe.