IHC Q2

Asepsis Definition

Absence of pathogenic microorganisms

Aseptic Technique Definition

Practices that help reduce risk for infection

Types of Aseptic Technique (2)

• Medical Asepsis

• Surgical Asepsis

Medical Aseptic Technique Definition

Breaks chain of infection. Used by all patients, with or without infection.

Surgical Asepsis Definition

Keeps an area or object free of all microorganisms. Destroys all microorganisms and spores.

Main Types of Medical Aseptic Technique (3)

• Hand Hygiene

• Cleaning

• Personal Protective Equipment

HCP

Most efficient common method for preventing and managing infection

Hand Hygiene

Four Techniques of Hand Hygiene

• Handwashing

• Antiseptic Handwash

• Antiseptic Hand Rub

• Surgical Hand Antisepsis

Happy Ants Always Scrub

Hand Hygiene Definition (CDC, 2008)

Strong, quick rubbing of all surfaces of lathered hands followed by 15 seconds of rinsing under a stream of warm water

What to use when hands are not clearly dirty

Alcohol-based, waterless antiseptic agent

When to use Antiseptic Agent (if not clearly dirty) (6)

• Direct Contact on Different Patient

• Invasive Procedures

• Handling Bodily Fluids

• Donning & Doffing of Sterile Gloves

• During & After Patient Care

• After touching Surfaces in the patient’s room

Different Patients Bring Gloves During Patient Sessions

When to do Handwashing (4)

• Visibly Filthy hands

• Before Eating

• After Bathroom trip

• Exposure to Spore-forming Organisms

Filthy Before Bathroom Spores

Examples of Spore-forming Organisms (3)

• C. difficile

• Bacillus anthracis

• Norovirus

CAN

Hand Hygiene using Soap & Water Procedure (7)

1. Assemble supplies & remove jewelry

2. Open faucet

3. Wet hands and wrists; apply and lather liquid soap

4. Wash different areas

5. Clean under fingernails with an orangewood stick

6. Rinse both hands

7. Dry both hands with a paper towel; close faucet with paper towel

Sexy Freaks are Wet; Wash Naughty Rear Daily

Cleaning Definition

Process of eliminating organic or inorganic material from objects & surfaces

Cleaning comprises the use of: (3)

• Water

• Detergent/Disinfectant

• General Mechanical Scrubbing

Types of Personal Protective Equipment (4)

• Gowns

• Face Masks

• Eye Protection

• Gloves

Go FaEy Glo (Go Faygo)

Gowning Main Objective

Prevent soiling one’s clothes

Face Mask wearing Objective

Decrease transmission risk via airborne means or droplets

When to wear face masks: (2)

• Patient has infection transmitted airborne

• Person entering room of infected patient

Types of Face Mask (3)

• Cloth Mask

• 3-Ply Surgical Mask

• N95 Respirator

Eye Protection Definition

Goggles or glasses worn during procedures with splatter or splashes risk

Gloving Objective

Help prevent direct and indirect microorganism transmission

Gloves are required for handling: (3)

• Bodily Fluids (excluding sweat)

• Non-intact Skin

• Contaminated things

Donning Gloves Procedure (6)

1. Remove packaging

2. Open package, keep gloves inside

3. Identify right and left, glove dominant hand first

4. Grab the second glove by the inside cuff

5. Pull second glove over fingers

6. Interlock gloves together and hold away from body

Really Obnoxious Idiots Grab People’s Intimate Areas.

Doffing Gloves Procedure (6)

1. Palmar surface, grasp the first glove

2. Pull the first glove away from your body

3. Park the removed glove in the remaining gloved palm

4. Peel off the second glove from inside the cuff

5. Keep the first glove wrapped inside the second glove

6. Dispose, then perform hand hygiene

Please Pull People’s Pants, Peel, Keep, and Dispose

Surgical Hand Scrub

Must eliminate transient flora and reduce resident flora

Surgical Hand Washing Equipment (9)

• Deep sink w/ foot or knee control

• Antimicrobial Agent

• Surgical Scrub Sponge w/ Nail Pick

• Paper Face Mask

• Cap or Hood

• Surgical Shoe Covers

• Towel

• Sterile pack w/ Sterile Gown

• Protective Eyewear

DAS PCS TSP (Das Pieces Tisp)

Nail & Nail Polish Specification for Surgical Asepsis

• Must not extend past fingertips

• Intact, without chips or scratches

Forbidden Nails from OR (3)

• Acrylic Nails

• Artificial Nails

• Nails with Foreign Bodies

Situations requiring Surgical Asepsis (3)

• Intentional perforation of patient’s skin

• Integrity of skin is broken

• Invasive procedures

Poke Break Invade

Surgical Hand Washing Procedure (9)

1. Remove accessories

2. Short, clean fingernails.

3. Inspect cuticles and hands for breaks in the skin.

4. Put on required PPE.

5. Turn on Water

6. Wet hands and lather during the pre-scrub.

7. Rinse arms and hands

8. Nails, clean with a nail pick.

9. Surgical Hand Scrub procedure

Rowdy Students Inspect Private Things While Rubbing Naughty Skin

During Surgical Hand Washing, imagine each part as having ____ sides

Four (4)

How many strokes for Nails in Surgical Hand Washing

15 strokes

How many strokes for Palm, Sides of Finger & Thumb, and Posterior side in Surgical Hand Washing

10 strokes

In Surgical Hand Washing, mentally divide arm into ____, scrub each ____ times

• thirds

• ten

Approved Antiseptics for Surgical Hand Washing (2)

• Chlorhexidine

• Povidone Iodine

When to Prewash (2)

• First case of the day

• Visibly soiled hands

Health Assessment Definition

Systematic method of collecting subjective & objective data to establish patient level of functioning

A complete Health Assessment involves: (3)

• Health History

• Behavioral Assessment

• Physical Examination

HBP

Subjective Patient Data Definition

Spoken or directly experienced by patient. Can’t be directly measured.

Objective Patient Data Definition

Fact-based, measurable, and observable info collected by healthcare providers.

Staphylococcus Aureus Description

• Gram-Positive Round Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

• Grape-like clusters

Staphylococcus Aureus Reservoir

• Infected Person

• In their nose, skin folds, armpits, groin, and wounds

Staphylococcus Aureus Portal of Exit

Pus or fluid discharge from breaks in skin

Staphylococcus Aureus Primary Mode of Transmission

Skin-to-skin contact

Staphylococcus Aureus Portals of Entry (3)

• Breaks in Skin

• Mucous Membranes

• Medical Devices

Influenza Virus Description

• Single-stranded RNA Virus

• Orthomyxoviridae Family

• Respiratory Infection

Influenza Portal of Exit

Respiratory droplets and airborne particles

Influenza Portal of Entry

Respiratory Tract

Infection-causing Influenza Types

Type A and B

Dengue Virus Description

• Single-stranded RNA Virus

• Flaviviridae Family

• Mosquito-borne

Dengue Virus has how many serotypes?

Four (4)

Mosquitoes that can transmit Dengue (2)

• Aedes aegypti (Main)

• Aedes albopictus

Infection from one serotype of Dengue Virus yields _____ immunity

Strain-specific

Dengue is transmitted through the Mosquito’s _____

Salivary Glands

Hepatitis A Virus Description

• Single-stranded RNA Virus

• Picornaviridae family

• Induces Liver infection

Hepatitis A Mode of Transmission

Fecal-Oral route

Hepatitis A Portal of Exit

Feces

Recovery or Immunization on Hepatitis A confers _____ immunity

Lifelong

Salmonella Bacteria Description

• Gram-negative Rod-shaped Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

• Induces salmonellosis

Salmonella Main Species (2)

• S. enterica

• S. bongori

Salmonella Reservoir

Gastrointestinal Tracts of Animals

Salmonella Portal of Exit

Feces from infected animals or humans

Salmonella Mode of Transmission

Fecal-Oral Route

MRSA

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

General Survey Umbrella Questions (3)

• What is the posture? Are there any signs of distress?

• Is the patient moving and communicating freely?

• What are the body proportions and size?

Posture, Motion, Proportion