Micro Exam 2 - Energy

Energy is a...

disequilibrium

What are the three energy storage methods?

proton motor force, NADH, ATP

What is the energy as in PMF?

artificial gradient

What kind of concentration gradient does PMF have and what is it of?

steep of protons across the membrane

What is PMF made stronger by?

electrical attraction of positive and negative charges

What is the gradient couples to in PMF?

other reactions

In PMF, what does the membrane act as?

an isolator and dam for protons

Where do protons come from?

pH - concentration of H+ in solution - comes from spontaneous ionization of H2O

In PMF, what do cells spend energy to do?

separate charges across the membrane

What can be plugged into the membrane and powered by PMF?

protein machines (transport, secretion, motility)

What does NADH have?

group that can receive electrons

NADH is how...

bacteria stores energy

What is the energy as in NADH?

excited electrons

NADH is a...

favorable electron donor

What is ATP?

a nucleotide

What is the energy as in ATP?

chemical disequilibrium

ATP is kept at...

high concentration in the cell so it is very far from equilibrium

What does ATP readily break down?

ADP +Pi

Why does the cell spend energy?

so that ATP is highly concentrated

What would be more stable almost anywhere else in the ATP structure?

3rd phosphate

What does ATP work similarly to?

transport without a membrane