AIR LAW PPL

Republic Act 9497 is also known as

Civil Aviation Regulations(CAA)

What document(s) must be in your personal possession or

readily accessible in the aircraft while operating as pilot in

command of an aircraft of Philippine Registry (PCAR's Part

1.2.1.1)

To act as a pilot of a civil aircraft of Republic of the Philippines

registry, a pilot shall have in his or her physical possession or

readily accessible in the aircraft a valid pilot license or special

purpose authorization issued under

these regulations.

The operator of any Philippine-registered civil aircraft, or any

State aircraft not operated by the military, or any foreign aircraft

shall report, and by the most expeditious means available,

notify the Authority/Chairman when an aircraft accident or

incident listed in IS 13.030, IS 13.175-1 to IS 13.175-3 occur

immediately

The operator of a civil, state or foreign aircraft shall file a report

in the form and manner prescribed by the Authority—

Within 10 days after an accident or incident;

The operator of a civil, state or foreign aircraft shall file a report

in the form and manner prescribed by the Authority—

After 7 days if an overdue aircraft is still missing.

The validity period of the class 2 medical certificate is:

24 months for the Class 2 for the PPL, SPL, glider pilot license

and free balloon pilot

license; and Class 3 for air traffic controller license.

The validity period of the medical certificate is: When the

holders have passed their 40th birthday:

12 months.

The validity period of class 2 medical certificate below 40th

birthday is:

24 months

The validity period of class 2 medical certificate when the

holders have passed their 40th birthday

12 months

Issurance of PPL, SPL, glider pilot license and free balloon pilot

license, which class of medical is required

class 2 medical certificate

With respect to certification of airmen, which is a category of

Aircraft?

Airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter-than-air.

With respect to the certification of airmen, which are classes of

aircraft?

Single-engine land and sea, multiengine land and sea.

What is on PCAR 2.2.2.2 

RATINGS

Which PCAR part corresponds to ICAO Annex I 

PART 2. PERSONAL LICENSING

The applicant for a student pilot Authorization shall be not less than

16 years of age.

The applicant for a PPL(A) shall be not less than (PCAR's Part) 

17 years of age.

The applicant for PPL (A) shall have completed in airplane not

less than (PCAR's Part)

40 hours of flight time as pilot of airplanes

A PPL applicant shall have completed not less than flight time if he has satisfactorily completed a course of

approved training

40 hours of flight time as pilot of airplanes

The applicant shall have completed in airplanes not less than

at least one cross-country flight totaling not less than 270 km

10 hours of solo flight time under the supervision of an

(150 nm) in the course of which full-stop landings at two

authorized flight instructor, including 5hours of solo cross-

difference aerodromes shall be made.

country flight time with

The validity of PPL licence 

5 Years

What is the privilleges of PPL

shall be to act, but not for remuneration, as pilot

in-command or co-pilot of any airplane engaged in non-

revenue flights.

The definition of nighttime is (PCAR's 8.1.12)

The hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the

beginning of morning civil twilight or such other period

between sunset and sunrise, as may be prescribed by the

appropriate authority.

With respect to certification of aircraft which is a category of

Aircraft?

Normal, utility, aerobatic

With respect to certification of aircraft which is a class of Aircraft?

airplane (aeroplane), helicopter, glider, free balloon.

No person may take-off an aircraft with inoperative instruments or

equipment installed, except as 

authorized by the Authority.

May a pilot operate an aircraft that is not in compliance with an

Airworthiness Directives (AD)

No. It is mandatory to comply

Who is primarily responsible for maintain an aircraft in airworthy

conditions?

The registered owner or operator of an aircraft

Who is responsible for ensuring airworthiness directives (AD's) are

compiled with?

The registered owner or operator of an aircraft

What documents(s) must be in your personal possession or readily accessible in the Aircraft while operating as PIC of an Aircraft?

appropriate and current license & a valid medical certificate.

When must a current pilot certificate be in the pilot's personal

possession or readily accessible in the aircraft?

when acting as PIC or in any other capacity as a required

flight crew member of a civil

aircraft

No person may act as PIC or a co-pilot of an aircraft unless, within

the preceding 90 days that pilot has (PCARs Part 8.41.9)

(1) Made three take-offs and landings as the sole

manipulator of the flight controls in an aircraft of the same required, of the category and class and if a type rating is same type or in a flight simulation training device approved

for the purpose.

The responsibility for ensuring that an aircraft is maintained in an

airworthy condition is primarily that of the 

Owner or the operator

Who is responsible for determining if an Aircraft is in condition for

safe flight?

Pilot-in-command (PIC)

The final authority as to the operation of an Aircraft is the? 

Pilot-in-command (PIC)

During the pre-flight inspection, who is responsible for determine

the Aircraft is safe for flight?

Pilot-in-command (PIC)

what is the blood alcohol limit for a person to act as a crew member

even if they have not consumed alcohol in the previous 8 hours

While under the influence of alcohol

A person may not act as a crewmember of a civil aircraft if alcoholic

beverages have been consumed by that person within the preceding

Within 8 hours after the consumption of any alcoholic

beverages

A person may not act as a crew member of a civil aircraft if

alcoholic beverages have been consumed by that person within the

preceding?

Within 8 hours after the consumption of any alcoholic

beverage

Ander what condition if any, may a pilot allow a person who is

Aircraft?

(1) Within 8 hours after the consumption of any alcoholic

obviously under the influence of drugs to be carried aboard an

beverage;

(2) While under the influence of alcohol; or

(3) While using any drug that affects the person's faculties

in any way contrary to safety.

Flight crewmembers are required to keep their safety

belts and shoulder harnesses fastened during

during the take-off and landing phases

unless the shoulder straps interfere with the performance of their duties, in

which case the shoulder straps may be unfastened but the seat belt must remain

fastened.

Each flight crew member shall have his or her seat belts fastened during

take-off and landing and all other times when seated at his or her station.

How many minutes should a pilot submit a Flight plan,

prior to his flight, to the appropriate ATC facility 

At least sixty (60) minutes before departure

when are flight plans filed 

At least sixty (60) minutes before departure

What is specific fuel requirement for flight under VFR at

night in an airplane?

at least 45 minutes thereafter

What is the specific fuel requirement for flight under

VFR during daylight hours in an airplane

at least 30 minutes thereafter

Which pre-flight action is specifically required of the

pilot prior to each flight?

Before commencing a flight, the PIC shall be familiar with all available

meteorological

information appropriate to the intended flight.

The PIC shall include, during preparation for a flight every flight under the IFR:

(1) A study of available current weather reports and forecasts; and (2) The away from the vicinity of the place of departure, and for planning of an alternative course of action to provide for the eventuality that the flight cannot be completed as planned, because of weather conditions.

During aircraft operations on the ground, no person

may taxi an aircraft on the movement area of an airport

unless the person at the controls (PCARs Part 8.8.1.1)

(1) has been authorized by the owner, the lessee, or a designated agent; (2) is

fully competent to taxi the aircraft; (3) is qualified to use the radio if radio

communications are required; and (4) has received instruction from a competent

person in respect of airport layout, and where appropriate, information on

routes, signs, marking, lights,

ATC signals and instructions, phraseology and procedures, and is able to

conform to the operational standards required for safe aircraft movement at the

airport.

Which is true with respect to formation flights,

Formation flights are

(a) No person may operate an aircraft so close to another aircraft as to create a

collision hazard. (b) No person may operate an aircraft in formation

flight except: (1)

By arrangement with the PIC of each aircraft in the formation, and (2) If in

controlled airspace, in accordance with conditions prescribed by the

appropriate air traffic authority, which includes that:(i) The formation operates

as a single aircraft with regard to navigation and

position reporting;

(ii) Separation between aircraft in the flight shall be the responsibility of the flight

leader and the pilots in command of the other aircraft in flight;

(iii) Separation between aircraft shall include periods of transition when aircraft

are maneuvering to attain their own separation within the formation

and during joinup and break-away; and

(iv) A distance not exceeding 1 km (0.5 NM) laterally and longitudinally and 30 m

(100 ft) vertically from the flight leader shall be maintained by each

aircraft.

(c) No person may operate an aircraft, carrying passengers for hire, in formation flight.

No person may operate an Aircraft in formation flight? 

close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard.

Which of the following aircraft has the right of way (Part 8.8.1.13)

An aircraft in distress

Airplane A is overtaking airplane B. Which airplane has

the right-of-way

airplane B. Each aircraft that is being overtaken has the right-of-way

and

each pilot of an overtaking aircraft shall alter course to the right to

pass well clear.

Which category of aircraft must give right-of-way to all

others in normal circumstances

Towing or Refueling. An aircraft towing or refueling other aircraft has the right-of-

wayover all other engine-driven aircraft, except aircraft in distress.

Which Aircraft has the right of way over all other air

traffic?

An airship has the right-of-way over a power driven heavier than air

aircraft.

What action is required when 2 Aircraft of the same

category converge, but not head on?

aircraft to the other's right has the right of- way.

An airplane and an airship are converging. If the airship

is left of the airplane's position. Which Aircraft has the

right of way?

The airship

What action should the pilot of a glider and an airplane take if on a head-on-collision course?

When aircraft are approaching each other head-on, or nearly so, each pilot of each aircraft shall alter course to the right.

When 2 or more a/c are approaching an airport for the

purpose of landing, the right of way belongs to the

aircraft?

the aircraft at the lower altitude has the right-of-way.

That action is required when two aircraft of the same

category converge, approximately at the same altitude,

but not head-on

aircraft to the other's right has the right of- way.

Which aircraft has the right-of-way over all other air

traffic?

An aircraft in distress.

What action is required when two aircraft of the same

category converge, but not head-on?

The aircraft on the left shall give way.

Which aircraft has the right-of-way over the other

aircraft listed? Glider. Airship, Aircraft refueling other

aircraft

Glider.

An airplane and an airship are converging. If the airship

is left of the airplane’s position, which aircraft has the right-of-way?

The airship

Which aircraft has the right-of-way over the other

aircraft listed? A— Gyroplane. B— Airship.

C— Aircraft towing other aircraft.

Aircraft towing other aircraft.

When two or more aircraft are approaching an airport for the purpose of landing, the right-of-way belongs to the aircraft

at the lower altitude, but it shall not take advantage of this rule to cut in front of or to overtake another.

What action should the pilots of a glider and an airplane

take if on a head-on collision course?

Both pilots should give way to the right.

Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, what is the minimum safe altitude for a pilot to operate an aircraft anywhere?

An altitude allowing, if a power unit fails, an emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface.

From which direction aircraft overtaking 

right

Helicopter over-taking airplane, what should helicopter do

Helicopter going to the right

Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, what is the minimum

safe altitude for a pilot to operate an aircraft anywhere?

Anywhere. An altitude allowing, if a power unit fails,

continuation of flight or an emergency landing without undue

hazard to persons or property on the surface. Over congested

areas. Over any congested area of a city, town, or settlement,

or over any open-air assembly of persons, an altitude of 300 m

(1000 feet) above the highest obstacle within a horizontal

radius of 600 m (2,000 feet) of the aircraft.Over other than

congested areas. An altitude of 150 m (500 feet) above the

surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas

where the aircraft may not be operated closer than 150 m (500

feet) to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.

An ATC clearance provides

authorization to proceed under specified traffic conditions in

controlled airspace.

In which type of airspace are VFR flights prohibited? 

Class A airspace

No person may land or takeoff an aircraft under VFR from an aerodrome located within a control zone, or enter the aerodrome traffic zone or traffic pattern airspace unless the:

Reported ceiling is at least 450 m (1,500 ft); and Reported ground visibility is at least 5 km; or, except when a clearance is obtained

from ATC.

No person may land or takeoff an aircraft under VFR from an aerodrome located within a control zone, or enter the aerodrome traffic zone or traffic pattern airspace unless the reported ceiling is at least (PCARs Part 8.8.3.2)

(1) Reported ceiling is at least 450 m (1,500 ft); and(2) Reported

ground visibility is at least 5 km; or, except when a clearance is

obtained

from ATC.

No person may conduct a Special VFR flight operation to enter the

traffic pattern, land or takeoff an aircraft under Special VFR from an

airport located in Class B, Class C, Class D or Class E airspace unless:

(1) Authorized by an ATC clearance, under exceptional circumstances; (2) The aircraft remains clear of clouds; and (3) The flight visibility

is at least 5 km

No person may conduct a Special VFR flight operation in an aircraft 

between sunset and sunrise

If radio failure occurs in VFR while under ATC control, or if VFR

conditions are encountered after the failure, each pilot shall:

(1) Continue the flight under VFR;(2) Land at the nearest suitable airport: and

(3) Report arrival to ATC by the most expeditious means

possible.

If radio failure occurs in VFR while under ATC control, or if VFR

conditions are encountered after the failure, each pilot shall:

(1) Continue the flight under VFR;

(2) Land at the nearest suitable airport: and

(3) Report arrival to ATC by the most expeditious means

possible.

Which V speed represents maneuvering speed

VA

Which V-speed represents maximum landing gear extended speed 

VLE

Which V speed represents maximum flaps extended speed 

VFE

VNO is defined as the 

maximum structural cruising speed.

After take-off, Which would provide the greatest gain in altitude in the

shortest distance during climb after take-off

Vx

After take-off, which airspeed would the Pilot use to gain most altitude

in a given period of time 

VY

Which part of the PCAR's prescribed the requirements for

issuing, renewal, and re- issuance of aviation personnel licenses,

Authorization and certificates

Part 2

Which part of the PCARs prescribed the requirements governing

the certification of Approved Training Organization

Part 3

This Part contains requirements of the Republic of the

Philippines pertaining to notification, investigation, analysis and

reporting of aircraft incidents and accidents and certain Other

occurrences in operation of aircraft

Part 13

Which part of the PCAR'S prescribes the requirements for

registration of Civil Aircraft in the Philippines

Part 4

Which part of the PCAR's prescribes the minimum instrument

and equipment requirements for all aircraft operating in the

Philippines

Part 7

This Part contains the requirements for those operators and

operations that are considered to be aerial work in Republic of

the Philippines

PART 11

According to the regulations pertaining to privileges and

limitations, a private pilot may?

not pay less than the pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight with passengers provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil,

airport expenditures, or rental fees.

Before beginning any flight under IFR, the pilotin- command must

become familiar with all available

information concerning that flight including:

the runway lengths at airports of intended use, and the aircraft’s takeoff

and landing data.

A series of "Green Flashes" was transmitted from the control

tower to an aircraft on ground

cleared to taxi

A steady green light signal directed from the control tower to an

aircraft in flight is a signal that the pilot

cleared to land

Which light signal from the control tower clears a pilot to taxi? 

series of green flashes

If the control tower uses a light signal to direct a pilot to give way

to other aircraft and continue circling,the light will be 

steady red

An alternating red and green light signal directed from the control

tower to an aircraft in flight is a signal to 

Not applicable in the Philippines

Which light signal from the control tower clears a pilot to taxi? 

series of green flashes

If the control tower uses a light signal to direct a pilot to give way to other aircraft and continue circling,the light will be 

steady red

A flashing white light signal from the control tower to a taxiing aircraft is an indication to

return to starting point on the airport