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phimosis
tight foreskin retraction, unable to retract
key characteristics with phimosis
normal in newborns, looses with age
intervention may be needed if unable to retract foreskin by school age
care for phimosis
proper hygiene
never forcibly retract
hypospadias vs epispadias
abnormal placement of the urethral meatus
epispadius
opening on dorsal side (upper)
hypospadias
opening on underside
bladder exstrophy
bladder protrudes through abd wall
often associated with epispadias
protect the exposed mucosa from trauma
cryptorchidism
undescended testicle
spontaneous descent during first 6 months
complications of cryptorchidism
testicular cancer
infertility
torsion
inguinal hernia