PSY 3122 Midterm #1

Bio characteristics of érogènes zones

1. Nerve ending( tactil nerves)

2. Vascularisation (blood rushes to area)

3. Learnt behaviour

4. Context

Erogenous zones are

Subjective

Tactil nerves capture what

Touch

Developpment of external genitals

Begin the same we all have the potential to be male or female depending on the chromosome received from dad we develop accordingly

Homologous organs

Organs in the male and female that develop from the same embryonic tissue ex. Penis and clit develop from the same tissue

Analogous organs

Organs in the Mae and female that have similar functions

What happens when your remove hair from your genitals

There is an increased risk of HPV and Herpes as it opens area for unwanted stuff to enter

The clitorous

2 Caverinous bodies

1 sponges body

Bulbs of clit underneath aka vestibular bulbs.

Annular Hyman

Has regular penetration and is a hole

Septante Hyman

A few medium size holes

Cribroform hymen

A bunch of little holes

Imperforate Hyman

Hole the size of a thumbtack

Parous introitus

After childbirth

How does anal sex differe from vaginal sex

Vag has tactil nerves but it differs as it is always closed and rectum must be dialated. The reciever of anal mst be very relaxed or muscle will spasm. There are lots of bacteria in anus that can cause infection.

The vagina is what kind of environment

An acid

Internal structure of a penis

1 spongy body

2 cavernous bodies

All three become enlarged when aroused

Corona of the penis

Tip of the penis that has many tactil nerves and can be very sensitive

What is the size of the penis determined by?

Genetics.

Should one be circumsized

Health Canadas stance is neutral its more of a personal and religious choice

4 stages of sexual response

1. Excitement

2. Plateau

3. Orgasm

4. Resolution

2 processes that occur during these stages

Vasocongestion( blood engorgement)

Myotonia (muscle tension)

Cause of morning wood

Caused during REM sleep as involuntary vasodilation occurs, can also occur under local anesthetic

Peripheral dilation =

Erect penis

Mechanism of erection

Spinal reflex, can be produced by stimulation and fantasy, response time can be affected by factors such as age, alcohol and fatigue

Nervous system control of erection

Two pathways

1. From brain through spinal cord

2. 2. Nerve signal moved through spinal cord to touch receptor

2 stages of ejaculation

1. Emmision

2. Excretion

Epididemis

The ejaculatory duct

Internal sphincter

Closes to prevent pee from coming out during ejaculation

Blue balls

When penis is engorged for to long

Orgasm does not equal

Ejaculation. Orgasm is a neurological response whereas ejaculation is a physiological

Point of no return in ejaculation

Once semen enters the conduit ejaculateur

Resolution phase for men

Body returns to the unaroused state

Takes 15-30 minutes where age is very important with this

Gradual return of pulse rate, bp, and breathing rate

Refractory period

Time during which an erection or orgasm are not possible even with effective stimulation

Excitement phase for women

Uterus elevates up and away from vagina

Vaginal lubrcation appears

Clit enlarges

Low estrogen in women =

Dry vagina

Plateau phase in women

Inner two=thirds of vagina expands and lengthens (making it hospitable for semen_

Inner labias increases in size and turns bright red

Orgasm phase in women

Uterus contract

Orgasmic platform contracts

Anal sphincter contracts

Resolution phase in women

Uterus returns to normal postion

Cervix return to normal

Clit returns to normal

Results of masters and Johnson research

Clit orgasm” all orgasms are physiologically similar and triggered by clit

Multiple orgasm- a series of orgasms occuring within a short period of time

Other findings post M&J

Male ejaculation and orgasm are seperate processes

Men can experience multiple orgasms

Erection and ejaculation are 2 different processes

Grafenberg spot aka g-spot

70-92% of people need clit stim to have orgasm

8-30% will experience orgasm with penile penetration only

Scene glands (female prostate)

What causes squirting

Not all women have this gland

Less than 1ml of liquid from skene gland that comes from urethra, i.e there is an explosion that comes from the bladder

The g-spot

Doesn’t exist it is the stimulation of internal clit bulbs

What is sexuality

Central aspect of being human throughout life it encompasses sex, gender and roles, sexual orientation, pleasure intimacy and reproduction.

How is sexuality expressed

Through thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships

Facets of sexuality

Biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, ethical, legal, history and religious

Six dimensional model of sexuality

Biological

Psychological

Emotional

Cognitive

Socio-cultural

Religious

Genetic theory

Explain how our genetic makeup and biological markers influence our sexuality

Sociobiological theory

Applies evolutionary theory (Darwin nature vs nurture) as the bass of social behaviour in animals and humans

Psychoanalytic theory

Freud proposed that sexuality and eroticism are fundamental forces of life. Stages of psychosexual development corresponding with erogenous zones, the oedipus complex and unconscious explain sexual behaviour

Learning theories

How human sexual behaviour is learned and shaped through various intrapersonal learning paradigms such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning, behavioural modification and social learning

Social exchange theory

Describes how people try to maximize rewards and minimize costs. The balence of costs and rewards and comparison levels are important in determining relational and satisfaction and stability

Cognitive theories

How peoples perception bawling and evaluations of events influences their sexual behaviour

Sexual scripts

Unwritten rules that guide sexual behaviour and shape expectations. Determine how people engage with partners what is considered acceptable and what roles they take on

Sociological theory

Explains way in which human sexual behaviour is socialized and shaped by norms and expectations

Feminist theory

Shaped around mens pleasure focuses on gender inequalities and their effect on women’s sexuality

Queer theory

How diversity and variations in sex, gender and desires are constructed and reject the system of binary categories

Critical race theory

Understands race as socially constructed categories based on skin colour and other physical features

Polygamy

Man Mariage to 2+people

Permissive

Few rules

Restrictive

Many rules

Polyamory

Women In a relationship with 2+people

Incest taboo

Having sex with family members

Post pardon taboo

Having sex after having a baby has cause for healing concerns

Why do sexual norms differ in counties

1. Demonstrate normality is a sexual concept

2. Demonstrates how cultural attitudes, customs, beliefs, about assign meaning to individual sexual behaviour

3. Is essential in analyzing sexually related problems/ issues in the world and is key in finding solutions

Y axis of inglehar-Wellesley map

Traditional vs secular

X axis of ingleghard map

Survival vs self-expression

World values study

The value differences between societies around the world show a pronounced culture zone pattern

All of our knowledge about human sexuality comes from

Surveys

Why is there a difference in sexuality between us and Canada

US has more fundamental Christian’s

Differences between provinces

Quebec rejected religion and is therefore more permissive

Sex research

Is mostly done through surveys and self-reports. Have many limitations such as social desirability. Purposeful distortion-ppl want o look good

Most common symptoms of STI

No symptoms at all

PREP

Pre exposure prophylaxis

PEP

Post exposure prophylaxis

When to get tested for STI

Symptoms

Partner has symptoms

Partner has STI

New partner

Multiple partners

Get a kit

1. Age 16+

2. Sexually active or share drug equipment

3. Geo-location

5 P’s of testing

Partners

Practices

Pregnancy

Protection

Past-diagnosis

Most common STI in Canada

Chlamydia

Most common STI in the world

HPV

Perceived stigma

Awareness of negative social attitudes fear of discrimination and feeling of shame

Social stigma

Includes acts of discrimination such as physical or psychological exclusion or abuse

Internalized stigma

A persons acceptance of negative beliefs views and feelings about themselves and the group to which they belong

Intersectional stigma

The joint effects of having more than one stigmatized belief

Institutionalized stigma

Of a group of people through the application of policies and procedures