CAA

What drug class does Propofol belong to?

IV hypnotic.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Propofol?

GABA-A enhancement.

What useful effect does Propofol provide in perioperative care?

Rapid hypnosis.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Propofol?

Hypotension and apnea.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Propofol matters?

Provides no reliable surgical analgesia.

What drug class does Etomidate belong to?

IV hypnotic.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Etomidate?

GABA-A enhancement.

What useful effect does Etomidate provide in perioperative care?

Induction with relatively limited cardiovascular depression.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Etomidate?

Adrenal steroid suppression.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Etomidate matters?

Inhibits 11-beta-hydroxylase.

What drug class does Ketamine belong to?

Dissociative anesthetic.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Ketamine?

NMDA antagonism.

What useful effect does Ketamine provide in perioperative care?

Hypnosis and analgesia.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Ketamine?

Hypertension, emergence phenomena, or apnea with rapid administration.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Ketamine matters?

Catecholamine depletion can unmask myocardial depression.

What drug class does Midazolam belong to?

Benzodiazepine.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Midazolam?

GABA-A modulation.

What useful effect does Midazolam provide in perioperative care?

Anxiolysis and anterograde amnesia.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Midazolam?

Respiratory depression, especially with opioids.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Midazolam matters?

Does not provide reliable analgesia.

What drug class does Dexmedetomidine belong to?

Sedative alpha-2 agonist.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Dexmedetomidine?

Central alpha-2 receptors.

What useful effect does Dexmedetomidine provide in perioperative care?

Sedation and sympatholysis.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Dexmedetomidine?

Bradycardia and hypotension.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Dexmedetomidine matters?

Relatively limited respiratory depression does not eliminate obstruction risk.

What drug class does Thiopental belong to?

Barbiturate hypnotic.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Thiopental?

GABA-A enhancement.

What useful effect does Thiopental provide in perioperative care?

Rapid hypnosis.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Thiopental?

Hypotension and respiratory depression.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Thiopental matters?

Single-bolus offset initially depends strongly on redistribution.

What drug class does Fentanyl belong to?

Potent opioid.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Fentanyl?

Mu opioid receptors.

What useful effect does Fentanyl provide in perioperative care?

Analgesia.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Fentanyl?

Respiratory depression and rigidity with rapid high exposure.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Fentanyl matters?

Lipophilicity supports rapid CNS entry.

What drug class does Morphine belong to?

Opioid.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Morphine?

Mu opioid receptors.

What useful effect does Morphine provide in perioperative care?

Analgesia.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Morphine?

Respiratory depression and histamine-related effects.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Morphine matters?

Active metabolites can accumulate in renal impairment.

What drug class does Hydromorphone belong to?

Opioid.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Hydromorphone?

Mu opioid receptors.

What useful effect does Hydromorphone provide in perioperative care?

Analgesia.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Hydromorphone?

Respiratory depression.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Hydromorphone matters?

Its metabolite can accumulate and contribute to neuroexcitation in renal dysfunction.

What drug class does Remifentanil belong to?

Very short-acting opioid.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Remifentanil?

Mu opioid receptors.

What useful effect does Remifentanil provide in perioperative care?

Rapidly titratable analgesia.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Remifentanil?

Bradycardia and respiratory depression.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Remifentanil matters?

Metabolized by nonspecific blood and tissue esterases.

What drug class does Sufentanil belong to?

Highly potent opioid.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Sufentanil?

Mu opioid receptors.

What useful effect does Sufentanil provide in perioperative care?

Analgesia.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Sufentanil?

Respiratory depression and rigidity.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Sufentanil matters?

High potency makes concentration verification especially important.

What drug class does Alfentanil belong to?

Short-acting opioid.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Alfentanil?

Mu opioid receptors.

What useful effect does Alfentanil provide in perioperative care?

Rapid-onset analgesia.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Alfentanil?

Respiratory depression.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Alfentanil matters?

Low pKa supports rapid effect-site access.

What drug class does Methadone belong to?

Long-acting opioid.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Methadone?

Mu receptors with additional NMDA effects.

What useful effect does Methadone provide in perioperative care?

Prolonged analgesia.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Methadone?

QT prolongation and delayed respiratory depression.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Methadone matters?

Long and variable elimination complicates repeated dosing.

What drug class does Naloxone belong to?

Opioid antagonist.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Naloxone?

Opioid receptors.

What useful effect does Naloxone provide in perioperative care?

Reversal of opioid respiratory depression.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Naloxone?

Acute withdrawal and abrupt pain.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Naloxone matters?

Its effect may end before the opioid effect.

What drug class does Flumazenil belong to?

Benzodiazepine antagonist.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Flumazenil?

Benzodiazepine binding site on GABA-A receptors.

What useful effect does Flumazenil provide in perioperative care?

Reversal of benzodiazepine sedation.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Flumazenil?

Seizures in susceptible patients.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Flumazenil matters?

Resedation can occur after it wears off.

What drug class does Sevoflurane belong to?

Volatile anesthetic.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Sevoflurane?

Multiple neuronal ion channels.

What useful effect does Sevoflurane provide in perioperative care?

Hypnosis and immobility.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Sevoflurane?

Dose-related hypotension and respiratory depression.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Sevoflurane matters?

Nonpungency makes inhalational induction practical.

What drug class does Desflurane belong to?

Volatile anesthetic.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Desflurane?

Multiple neuronal ion channels.

What useful effect does Desflurane provide in perioperative care?

Hypnosis and immobility.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Desflurane?

Airway irritation and sympathetic responses to rapid increases.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Desflurane matters?

High vapor pressure requires specialized delivery.

What drug class does Isoflurane belong to?

Volatile anesthetic.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Isoflurane?

Multiple neuronal ion channels.

What useful effect does Isoflurane provide in perioperative care?

Hypnosis and immobility.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Isoflurane?

Dose-related vasodilation and respiratory depression.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Isoflurane matters?

Greater blood solubility than desflurane slows equilibration.

What drug class does Nitrous oxide belong to?

Inhaled anesthetic adjunct.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Nitrous oxide?

Multiple targets including NMDA receptors.

What useful effect does Nitrous oxide provide in perioperative care?

Analgesia and reduction of other anesthetic requirements.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Nitrous oxide?

Expansion of closed gas spaces.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Nitrous oxide matters?

Inactivates vitamin B12-dependent methionine synthase.

What drug class does Succinylcholine belong to?

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.

What is the principal pharmacologic target of Succinylcholine?

Nicotinic motor-endplate receptors.

What useful effect does Succinylcholine provide in perioperative care?

Rapid paralysis.

What major adverse effect or risk must be considered with Succinylcholine?

Hyperkalemia in susceptible states and malignant hyperthermia triggering.

What distinguishing clinical feature of Succinylcholine matters?

Metabolized mainly by plasma butyrylcholinesterase.