Plant Tissues

These flashcards review key concepts related to plant tissues, including tissue systems, meristems, dermal tissue, ground tissue, vascular tissue, and leaf structures.

What are the three basic tissue systems in a vascular plant?

Dermal tissue, Ground tissue, Vascular tissue.

Where are apical meristems located?

At the tips of stems and roots.

What do lateral meristems exhibit?

Secondary growth, increasing the size of stems and roots.

What is the primary function of dermal tissue?

Forms the epidermis, usually one cell layer thick.

What is the cuticle primarily made of?

Cutin, which can include substances like Carnauba wax.

What are root hairs?

Tubular extensions of individual epidermal cells.

What are the three types of cells that ground tissue consists of?

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma cells.

What is the most common type of plant cell in ground tissue?

Parenchyma cells.

What are collenchyma cells known for?

Providing flexible support for plant organs.

What are the two types of sclerenchyma cells?

Sclerids and Fibers.

What is the main function of xylem?

Conducting water and minerals.

What are vessels in the xylem?

Continuous tubes of dead cylindrical cells.

What is the distinction between vessels and tracheids in xylem?

Vessels are shorter and wider than tracheids and conduct water more efficiently.

What is the main function of phloem?

Food conducting tissue and long-distance signaling.

What types of cells are found in phloem?

Sieve cells and sieve tube members.

What supports sieve-tube members in phloem?

Companion cells.

What is the main site of photosynthesis in plants?

Leaves.

What do leaf veins consist of?

Both xylem and phloem.

What are simple leaves known for?

Having undivided blades.

What distinguishes compound leaves?

Their blades are divided into leaflets.

What is mesophyll?

The internal tissue of leaves where photosynthesis occurs.

What type of mesophyll is usually found in monocots?

One type of mesophyll.

What are the two types of mesophyll in some dicot leaves?

Palisade mesophyll and Spongy mesophyll.

What defines palisade mesophyll?

Usually two rows of tightly packed cells.

What characterizes spongy mesophyll?

Loosely arranged cells with air spaces.

What cells provide little to no support in plants?

Parenchyma cells.

What role does the cuticle play in dermal tissue?

It helps reduce water loss.

How do meristems function in plants?

They act as stem cells, allowing for growth and differentiation.

What two cells are produced when an apical meristem cell divides?

A differentiating cell and a meristematic cell.

What is the primary purpose of lateral growth in stems?

To increase the girth of the plant.

What is the role of secondary xylem?

It contributes to the structural support of the plant.

How is photosynthesis primarily carried out in leaves?

Through mesophyll cells.

What type of tissue forms the outer protective covering of roots, stems, and leaves?

Dermal tissue.

What is the significance of cutin in the cuticle?

It provides waterproofing and protection.

In what part of the plant are axillary buds found?

In the shoot system, found at the nodes.

What are tendrils typically used for in climbing plants?

Support and attachment.

What do vascular tissues include?

Xylem and phloem.

What primary functions do xylem and phloem serve in plants?

Xylem conducts water and minerals; phloem conducts food.