ECTSI 13th Edition Vocab - Chapter 35 - Patients with Speical Challenges

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A group of complex disorders of brain development, characterized by difficulties in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and verbal and nonverbal communication.

Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (BRUE)

An event that occurs in an infant lasting less than 1 minute and including two of the following: absent or abnormal respirations, pale or cyanotic skin, decreased level of consciousness, and altered muscle tone.

Cerebral Palsy

A group of disorders characterized by poorly controlled body movement.

Child Maltreatment

A general term applying to all forms of physical and emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation of children.

Colostomy

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the colon and the surface of the body.

Conductive Hearing Loss

Hearing loss caused by a faulty transmission of sound waves.

Developmental Disability

A group of conditions that may impair development in the areas of physical ability, learning, language development, or behavioral coping skills.

Down Syndrome

A genetic chromosomal defect that can occur during fetal development and that results in intellectual impairment as well as certain physical characteristics, such as a round head with a flat occiput and slanted, wide-set eyes.

Elder Abuse

Any action on the part of an older person's family member, caregiver, or other associated person that takes advantage of the older person's person, property, or emotional state.

Human Trafficking

The illegal exploitation of a person.

Ileostomy

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the small intestine and the surface of the body.

Intellectual Disability

A subset of developmental disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and skills needed for daily living.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used antibiotics; can be found on the skin and in surgical wounds, the bloodstream, lungs, and urinary tract.

Neglect

Refusal or failure on the part of the parent or caregiver to provide life necessities.

Obesity

A complex condition in which a person has an excessive amount of body fat.

Orthotic Device

An externally applied device that modifies the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems often used to support or brace the limbs or spine.

Prosthetic Device

An externally applied device used to partly or wholly replace an absent or deficient limb segment.

Rape

A term often used in a legal context to refer to the crime of sexual penetration without consent; rape is a form of sexual assault, but not all sexual assaults are rape.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia; it is highly contagious and spread through droplets.

Sensorineural Deafness

A permanent lack of hearing caused by a lesion or damage of the inner ear.

Sexual Assault

The act of subjecting a person to sexual contact or behavior without the person's explicit consent.

Shaken Baby Syndrome

A syndrome seen in abused infants and children; the patient has been subjected to violent, whiplash-type shaking injuries inflicted by the abusing individual that may cause coma, seizures, and increased intracranial pressure due to tearing of the cerebral veins with consequent bleeding into the brain.

Shunts

Tubes that drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to another part of the body outside of the brain, such as the abdomen, thus lowering pressure in the brain.

Spina Bifida

A developmental defect in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges may protrude outside of the vertebrae and possibly even outside of the body, usually at the lower third of the spine in the lumbar area.

Stoma

An opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure.

Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID)

A sudden unexpected death of a child younger than 1 year where the cause is either known or not known after investigation.

Unexplained Sudden Death in Infancy (USDI)

Death of an infant or young child that remains unexplained after a complete autopsy; also called sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Urostomy

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) that connects the urinary system to the surface of the skin and allows urine to drain through the abdominal wall.

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)

A bacterium that is normally present in the human intestines and the female reproductive tract, but which can cause infection and which is resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin.