Ch7 Skeletal System

long bone

bone type, has diaphysis shaft, epiphysis shaft, medullary cavity

role: levereage & support, marrow occupies internal space

diaphysis

____ shaft: elongated part of long bone

epiphyses

_____ ends: ends of long bone

medullary cavity

cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow

metaphysis

connection point between end (epiphysis) and shaft (diaphysis) of long bone

compact

____ bone: hard dense bone tissue

resists stress (w less mass

benefit of spongy bone

spongy bone

where red bone marrow

osteocyte

what cell type regulates stored minerals

collagen

provides tensile strength to bones

calcium phosphate

provides hardness to bones

process

bone feature providing attachment

foramina

bone feature providing passage

fossae

bone feature: depressions

sesamoid bone (sesame seed shape)

round bone (type of short bone) embedded in tendon adjacent to joing (such as patella)

many

irregular bones usually connected to (many/few) other bones

10

normal blood calcium level: ___mg/dL

intramembranous ossification

forming bone within embryonic (mesenchymal) connective tissue

endochondral ossification

bone creation where it replaces a model made out of hyaline cartilage

epiphyseal plate

cartilage layer between epiphyses (ends) and diaphysis (shaft) of long bone,

grows, lengthening the bone

appositional growth

type of bone growth that increases width

mechanical loading

force/stress/load applied to bone

helps maintain it

1.hematoma

2.soft callus

3.hard callus

4.remodeling

steps of fracture repair

hematoma

1st step of fracture repair

localized collection of blood, usually clotted

soft callus

2nd step of fracture repair

cartilage filling gap between broken bones

hard callus

3rd step of fracture repair

bone tissue replacing cartilage between broken bone

remodeling

4th step of fracture repair

also happens all the time to maintain bone

calcium

phosphate

bone stores ____ and ____

red bone marrow

blood cells are produced in

greenstick

An incomplete fracture, the break occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone.

comminuted

fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

fissured

fracture: incomplete longitudinal break

transverse

fracture straight across bone

oblique

fracture at an angle across bone

spiral

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

osteoblast (build bone)

deposits calcium in bone

low blood calcium stimulates _____ gland to releasae hormone to release calcium from bone into blood

osteoclasts

break down bone to release calcium

calcium

vitamin d

adequate _____ and _____ support mineralization