Mouth, Tongue & Submandibular region

the oral cavity is made of...

oral cavity proper and vestibule

oral cavity proper

space medial to teeth (bounded by teeth), contains tongue

vestibule

space between lips and cheeks and teeth

4 parts of the tongue

1. sulcus terminalis

2. body

3. base (root)

4. lingual papillae

sulcus terminalis

V-shaped groove divides tongue into body and base

body of tongue

anterior 2/3 of tongue, in the oral cavity

base (root) of tongue

posterior 1/3 of tongue, in the pharynx; its surface is covered by lingual tonsil

lingual papillae

small nodules on the tongue surface, some have taste buds

functions of the tongue

speech, manipulation and positioning of food, taste, swallowing, cleansing of the oral cavity

4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

1. Genioglossus

2. Hyoglossus

3. Styloglossus

4. Palatoglossus

genioglossus

extrinsic muscle of the tongue; largest, fan shaped muscle

function: protrudes and depresses the tongue

motor supply: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

hyoglossus

extrinsic muscle of the tongue

function: depresses and retracts the tongue

motor supply: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

styloglossus

extrinsic muscle of the tongue

function: retracts and elevates the tongue

motor supply: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

palatoglossus

extrinsic muscle of the tongue

function: elevates the base of the tongue

motor supply: vagus nerve (CN X)

general sensation of anterior 2/3 of the tongue is supplied by

lingual nerve from V3

special sensation (taste) of anterior 2/3 of the tongue is supplied by

facial nerve (CN VII) via chorda tympani

general and special sensation (taste) of posterior 1/3 of the tongue is supplied by

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

motor nerve supply of both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), except palatoglossus muscle (vagus nerve (CN X))

parasympathetic innervation to mucosa of the tongue is supplied by

chorda tympani from facial nerve - via lingual nerve

lingual artery

branch of external carotid artery that provides blood supply to the tongue

the lingual artery lies on the medial aspect of this muscle

hyoglossus muscle

submandibular region

region between the mandible and hyoid bone

submandibular gland

salivary gland that wraps around the posterior free border of the mylohyoid muscle

2 parts of submandibular gland

superficial portion and deep portion

superficial portion of submandibular gland

part of submandibular gland; found in the submandibular triangle of the neck

deep portion of the submandibular gland

part of submandibular gland; found in the floor of the mouth

submandibular duct (Wharton's duct)

-carries saliva from submandibular gland to the mouth, approx. 5cm long

-arises from the deep portion of the submandibular gland and travels anterior in the floor mouth

the submandibular duct travels on the lateral aspect of this muscle

hyoglossus muscle

the submandibular duct is crossed by which nerve

lingual nerve

the submandibular duct (Wharton's duct) terminates here

the sublingual papilla (caruncle) on both sides of the lingual frenulum

sublingual gland

-salivary gland located under the tongue, beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth

-forms the sublingual fold (elevated crest of mucous membrane)

approx. 12 tiny ducts from the sublingual gland empty here

upward through the sublingual fold

some ducts of the sublingual gland open into this duct

submandibular duct

3 salivary glands

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

this muscle creates the division between the submandibular and sublingual spaces

mylohyoid muscle

contents of submandibular space

-fat

-superficial portion of the submandibular gland

-lymph nodes

-digastric muscles

contents of sublingual space

-geniohyoid muscle

-sublingual gland

-deep portion of submandibular gland

-submandibular duct

-lingual nerve

-hypoglossal nerve

-lingual artery