NVSC 200 Exam 3 Review

Operational Risk Management

the process of dealing with the risks of military operations: risk assessment, risk decision making, and implementing of effective risk controls

when is it okay to accept the risk

benefits outweigh the cost

in depth level

time isnt a limiting factor; right answer is required for a successful mission or task

deliberate level

ample time to apply the RM process to detailed planning of a mission or task

time critical level

applied daily on and off duty at the point of commencing or during execution (TCRM)

TCRM

applying ORM at the start of or during a mission or task, at the time critical level

5 step ORM process

1. identify the hazards

2. assess the hazards

3. make risk decision

4. implement controls

5. supervise

MARPOL 73/78

international convention for the prevention of pollution by ships. adopted 1973 and modified 1978

bilge water

an oily waste

MARPOL Annex V special areas

baltic sea, north sea, artic reegion (south of 60^o). Only food waste may be discharged beyond 12 nm

warships & Annex V

not strictly bound, but party state (incl. US) must have standards that conform as closely as practicable without compromising operations

clean air act

authorizes state and local govts to set standards for emissions of air pollutants

UNCLOS

UN convention on the law of the sea; defines baseline, national and international waters

territorial waters

0-12 nm from baseline. Costal state sets laws and uses resources innocent passage allowed

international waters

landward of the base line. foreign vessels have no right of passage

contiguous zone

12-24 nm from baseline

exclusize economic zone

24-200 nm from baseline

transit passage

freedom of nabigation and overflight solely for continuous and expenditious of transit of a strait between high seas/EEZ areas

duties in transit

proceed without delay’ refrain from threat or use of force majeure or distress

INCSEA

incidents at sea agreement: provisions/customs the soviets (russians) and US follow to prevent accidental incidents

duty to rescue

master must render assistance to persons at sea, in so far as he can do so without serious danger to the ship, the crew or the passangers

contested maritime environment

Any environment where free of a navigation is questioned, Threatened, Or perceived to be threatened. Your ship may not be able to sail normally.

Secrecy

Essentially to achieve surprise.  Maintained by: security, counterintelligence, and operations security ( OPSEC)

OPSEC

Continuous cycle: Identify critical information and indicators (CII), Analyze threats and vulnerabilities, Assess risks,  Develop countermeasures to safeguard CII

#1 Responsibility

OPSEC: #1 responsibility For all Mariners To ensure safe passage through a CME.  Everyone maintains it

Convoy Advantage

Concentration of force allows more effective defense

 Convoy disadvantage

 Speed is limited to that of the slowest ship in the Convoy

Master’s responsibility

Ship’s Master still holds ultimate responsibility for the ship's safety,  In peace and War

EMCON

Emissions control:  Set to avoid detection by enemies;  Includes crew private Communications and phones

Commodore flag

 Large x-ray flag flown on the Commodore’s ship

Station keeping

Convoy and column guides change automatically when All Ships turn simultaneously 90° or more

Piracy

 Illegal acts of violent or detention or any Act of depredation for private ends by the crew or passengers of a private ship or aircraft 

Cost of piracy

Estimated 7 to 12 billion dollars per year ( Ransoms, Insurance, Rerouting fuel, security equipment)

How to respond to piracy

• Report to NCAGS,  Use recognize group transit schemes,  Keep AIS on

• Follow practice drills use citadels deny use of tools equipment or access routes

Why NCAGS matters

Reduces the threat to Merchant ships in their Crews; Bridges operational forces and Merchant shipping

NCAGS structure

Units of  Naval liaison officers, Watch officers and Maritime analysts

Shipping coordinator Center

Maintains a 24-hour watch

TACAD

Liaison between Merchant Marine in the U.S/Military;  Gives Masters tactical advice and guidance

MSC TACAD program

CME Training in drills,  Classified Communications,  Advocate for the vessel to MSC, Navy,  National and international assets

Allied tactical Publications

NATO/Coalition Code breaking and maneuvering manual

MARSEC/FPCON

Three MARSEC levels; The military equipment is Force protection conditions (FPCON)