a & p chapter 12

communication and control system

nervous system

functions of nervous system

collect information, processes and evaluate information, initiate response to information

central nervous system includes

Brian nad spinał cord

peripheral nervous system includes

nerves and ganglia

what detects stimuli and transmits information from receptors to the CNS

sensory nervous system

what initiates and transmits information from the CNS to effectors

motor nervous system

what sensory system detects stimuli we consciously perceive

somatic sensory system

what sensory system detects stimuli from receptors of internal organs and blood vessels

visceral sensory system

what motor system send voluntary signals to skeletal muscles

somatic motor system

what motor system send involuntary commands to heart, smooth muscle and glands

autonomic motor system

nerves belong to which system. CNS or PNS

PNS

a nerve is a bundle of

parallels axons in the PNS

what connective tissue encloses entire nerve

epineurium

what connective tissue wraps fascicle

perineurium

what connective tissue wraps an individual axon

endoneurium

nerves are ____

vascularized

cranial nerves…

extend from brian

spinal nerves…

extend from spinal cord

what nerve contains sensory neurons sending signals to CNS

sensory nerves

what nerve contains motor neurons sending signals from CNS

motor nerves

what nerve contains both sensory and motor neurons

mixed nerves

what is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in PNS

ganglion

what is the structural unit of the nervous system

neuron

responsiveness to stimulus

excitability

ability to conduct electrical signal

conductivity

release of neurotransmitter in response to conductive activity

secretion

cell can live throughout persons

extreme longevity

after fetal development, mitotic activity is lost in most neurons

amitotic

what part of the neuron is…

called the soma

contains nucleus

conducts potentials to axon

cell body

what part of the neuron…..

receive input and transfers it to cell body

dendrites

what part of the neuron is…

a long process

contact with other neurons

axon

anterograde transports..

FROM cell body

retrograde transports….

TO cell body

what type of neuron has…

many dendrites

one axon

most common type

multipolar neurons

what type of neuron has…

one dendrite

one axon

limited number

bipolar neurons

what type of neurons has…

one process extends from cell body

unipolar neurons

____ process splits into several receptive dendrites

peripheral

____ process leads to synaptic knobs in CNS

central

what type of neuron has…

dendrites

no axon

anaxonic neuron

what neurons are most unipolar

carry information from receptors to CNS

sensory/afferent neurons

what neurons are multipolar

motor/efferent neurons

what type of neuron…

communicate between sensory and motor neurons

located within CNS

generally are multipolar

interneurons neurons

name the place where a neuron connects to another neuron

synapse

what type of synapses is more common

chemical synapses

what synapse is presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons bound together by gap junctions

electrical synapse

what synapse has presynaptic neurons axon terminals that produce signals and postsynaptic neurons that receive signals

chemical synapse

name the small fluid filled gap between two neurons

synaptic cleft

what is…

capable of mitosis

protect and nourish neurons

guide migrating neurons during development

glial cells

what type of glial cell is…

most abundant in CNS

help form blood brain barrier

regulate tissue fluid composition '

form structural support

astrocytes

what type of glial cell….

lines cavities in brain and spinal cord

produce cerebrospinal fluid

ependymal

what type of glial cell….

wander CNS

phagocytic cells of immune system

microglia

what type of glial cell…

is large

form myelin sheath

oligodendrocytes

what kind if cell arrange around neuronal cell bodies in a ganglion

satellite cells

what kind of cell is elongated, flat cells that ensheath PNS axons with myelin

neurolemmocytes/schwann cells

what is the process of wrapping a axon with myelin

myelination

loss of myelin from peripheral nerves due to inflammation

Guillain barre syndrome

PNS axons can regenerate only if..

Huron cell body is intact

pumps means

activate

dendrite and cell body

first segment of neuron

chemically gated channels

receptive segment

axon hillock

second segment of neuron

voltage gated na and k channels

initial segmanet

axon and its branches

conduct signals

voltage gated na and k channels

conductive segment

synaptic knobs

voltage gated ca channels and pumps

transmissive segment

what does it means for a neuron to be at rest

ions are unevenly distributed across the plasma membrane due to the actions of pumps

resting membrane potential is typically

-70mV

what potential is small, short lived changes in the RMP

graded potential

how are graded potentials established in the receptive segment

established in the receptive segment by the opening of chemically gated ion channels

postsynaptic potential resulting in depolarization is called

excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

postsynaptic post entail resulting in hyperpolarization is

inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) are depolarizations caused by

Na entry

inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) are hyperpolarization caused by

k exit or cl entry

graded potential generated at the cell body

excitatory postsynaptic potential

graded potential is

local

action potential is

long distance

summation of EPSP and IPSP occurs at

axon hillock

what type of summation..

has multiple locations

receive neurotransmitters

generate postsynaptic potential

spatial summation

what type of summation….

is single

produces multiple EPSP within a very short period of time

temporal summation

postsynaptic potential

graded potential

action potential