Comp Exam

Ethical guidelines were first created for helping professions in...

1953 by the APA. NASW created theirs in 1960, and the ACA adopted ethics in 1961. Ethics always describe standards of conduct imposed by ACA and NBCC.

Most ethical dilemmas are related to...

Confidentiality.

The landmark 1969 case Tarasoff v. Board of Regents illuminated...

The duty to warn a client in imminent danger.

A counselor reveals information damaging to a client's reputation. The counselor could be accused of...

Defamation.

Suicidal warning signs include...

Repeatedly joking about suicide, giving away prized possessions after extended depression, previous attempts, and a detailed plan.

A statement of disclosure includes all except...

A list of the courses the counselor took in graduate school.

You suspect an 11-year-old child with a black eye was abused. You should...

Call the child abuse/neglect hotline.

A counselor who is alcoholic and suffering from burnout is best described as...

An impaired professional.

Counseling your first cousin for depression is...

Generally unethical as it would constitute a dual or multiple relationship.

A counselor required to utilize DSM or ICD guides to diagnose a client is likely...

A counselor who wishes to secure insurance (third-party) payments.

When a complex ethical situation manifests itself, it is best to...

Consult with colleagues as well as ethical codes.

What ethical principle encourages counselors to promote client welfare?

Beneficence.

What is the leading cause of malpractice actions against mental health providers?

Sexual misconduct.

Which of the following is a DSM diagnostic code?

303.90.

A client can only afford $5/session while normal fees are $75. You should...

Consider the client's financial status and locality to offer a reduced rate.

Agreeing to analyze a client without any training in classical psychoanalysis is...

Unethical as this is misrepresentation.

If an uncertified colleague behaves unethically, you should...

Attempt to rectify the condition via institutional channels, turning to NBCC procedures if this fails.

Listing your name as available for referrals while conducting a 2-year project out of state is...

Unethical.

All of the following are examples of stereotyping/discrimination except...

Advising a client to consider switching majors based on clinical judgment and an extensive test battery.

Failing to inform parents when a 15-year-old threatens suicide is...

Negligence (failure to perform a duty to protect the client).

Culture can be referred to as...

Customs, shared values, attitudes, beliefs, art, and language characterizing a group.

A multicultural therapist works with clients who are culturally different, meaning the client...

Belongs to a different culture from the helper.

When diagnosing a client from a different culture...

The counselor ideally needs to use information regarding the specifics of the client's culture.

What blocks a trainee's ability to process powerful feelings associated with diversity topics?

Emotional resistance.

Research regarding client preferences shows that...

In most instances, clients prefer a counselor of the same race and a similar cultural background.

Among African American clients, the most important therapist characteristic is...

Cultural sensitivity of the therapist.

For some urban African American adolescents, life is complicated by poverty, illiteracy, and...

Racism.

Assessment and diagnosis...

Case conceptualization best assists therapists and clients in developing appropriate treatment plans.

Client variables affecting assessment and diagnosis include...

Socioeconomic status, gender, and racial or cultural background.

The societal expression of superiority of one group's cultural heritage over another's is...

Ethnocentric monoculturalism.

The term contextualism states that...

Behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which it occurs.

If culture is said to be normative, this implies that...

Culture provides individuals with standards of conduct.

A statistical norm measures actual conduct, while a cultural norm...

Describes how people are supposed to act.

Ethnocentrism...

Uses one's own culture as a yardstick to measure all others.

Social exchange theory implies that...

A relationship will endure if the rewards are greater than the costs.

Most experts agree that a multicultural counselor's diagnosis...

Must be done within a cultural context.

In multicultural diagnosis...

A client's behavior could be sane and appropriate in one culture, yet disturbed/bizarre in another.

Empathizing is thought to be easiest with...

A client who is similar to you.

Structuring in cross-cultural counseling asserts that counseling is most effective when...

The nature and structure of counseling is described during the initial session.

What was a prime factor in the history of multicultural counseling?

1954 Supreme Court decision, Brown v. Board of Education.

Freud's stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson's stages are...

Psychosocial.

The only psychoanalyst who created a lifespan developmental theory was...

Erik Erikson.

"The ego is dependent on the id" reflects the work of...

Sigmund Freud.

Who expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of moral development?

Lawrence Kohlberg.

Trust versus mistrust is...

Erik Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development.

Mastering Erikson's first seven stages prepares an individual for the eighth stage:

Integrity versus despair.

In Kohlberg's first level of morality, behavior is guided by...

Consequences.

Kohlberg's second level of morality (conventional morality) is characterized by...

A desire to live up to society's expectations and conform.

Kohlberg's postconventional morality (level 3)...

Is the highest level of morality, though some people never reach it.

Freud and Erikson could both be classified as...

Maturationists.

The Erikson stage focusing heavily on sharing your life with another person is...

Intimacy versus isolation (ages 23 to 34).

Which individual is most likely to conform to peers?

A 13-year-old male middle school student.

Freud postulated which psychosexual stages?

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

In Freudian theory, attachment is a major factor evolving primarily during the...

Oral age.

Nature or nurture refers to...

How much heredity or environment interact to influence development.

Development...

Is a continuous process which begins at conception.

An empiricist view of development would be...

Behavioristic.

A child who believes a hidden object no longer exists has not mastered...

Object permanence.

According to Freudians, a severely traumatized child may...

Become fixated at a given psychosexual stage.

Most counseling experts agree regarding developmental theories that...

No one theory completely explains development; counselors should be familiar with major theories.

Saying "I cannot become an administrator because I am a woman" demonstrates...

Gender bias.

Which statement is NOT true of the trait-and-factor approach?

The approach is developmental and thus focuses on career maturity. (False)

Today, the most popular approach to career choice reflects the work of...

John Holland.

What approach initially focuses on using assist techniques for job placement?

Vocational Counseling.

What are John Holland's 6 personality themes?

Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC).

Donald Super's career theory emphasizes how many stages?

Five stages.

John Krumboltz's social learning approach to career choice is based on...

Albert Bandura.

The NVGA (1913) fused with other groups in 1952 to become...

APGA (American Personnel and Guidance Association).

The Strong Interest Inventory (SCII) assumes a person will experience satisfaction in a job where...

Those working in the occupation have similar interests.

Which career model is most appropriate when working with an Asian college student?

Multicultural Career Counseling.

The ACT was established in what year?

1959.

SIGI stands for...

System of Interactive Guidance and Information (a computer program for career options).

Which is true regarding dual-career families?

They have higher incomes than traditional single-partner working families.

The trait-and-factor/matching career approach is associated with...

Parsons and Williamson.

Frank Parsons, author of "Choosing a Vocation" (1909), is known as...

The father of vocational guidance.

Trait-and-factor approach fails to take into account...

Individual change throughout the life span.

Verbalizing "I work as a clerk at Main Street Plumbing" depicts the client's...

Job or position.

Becoming a football player due to unconscious desires to hurt people uses...

Sublimation (Brill's theory).

A. A. Brill emphasized which defense mechanism in career choice?

Sublimation.

Counselors who support Holland's approach believe that...

An appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality.

The helper expects what to take place in the initial phase of counseling?

Development of a working alliance.

Sigmund Freud describes personality structure as...

Id, Ego, Superego.

Freudians refer to the ego as...

The executive administrator of the personality and the reality principle.

Projecting feelings toward the therapist that were originally felt toward a significant other is...

Transference.

Attending to the emotional tone of a client's communication is known as...

Reflection of Feelings.

When a professional understands and emotionally resonates with a client's experience:

Accurate empathy.

Choosing the best theory based on client needs/circumstances is known as...

Eclectic therapy.

Demonstrating genuineness and congruency involves...

The ability to be oneself.

Empathetic understanding involves two primary steps:

Empathetic rapport and communicative attunement.

Responding to a pet's death with "Oh you poor thing, how will you ever make it?" is...

Sympathy.

Empathy is defined as...

The ability to understand the client's world and communicate this to the client.

A counselor obsessed with a client missing a session is suffering from...

Countertransference.

Pointing out a client smiling while expressing sadness is known as...

Confrontation.

The purpose of interpretation in counseling is to...

Make the clients aware of their unconscious processes.

A client's tendency to inhibit or fight against the therapeutic process is...

Resistance.

A client giving only yes/no answers indicates the counselor is...

Utilizing too many closed-ended questions.

Repeating a client's statements verbatim when responding is called...

Parroting (and is not recommended).

Repeating what a client stated using the counselor's own words is...

Paraphrasing.

Reviewing what transpired in past counseling sessions is called...

Summarization.

A person-centered therapist would...

Treat all diagnostic categories of DSM using the same principles.