Geography Term 3 flashcards

Birth rate is the number of deaths per 1 000 people per year in a country.

False

Death rate is the number of live babies born per 1 000 people per year in a country.

False

Migration is when people move from one country to another.

True

Immigrants are people who come to live in a country.

True

Infant is a child over the age of one year.

False

The population growth rates of six countries you have studied change when we include the _______ of migration.

Effects

South Africa's population growth rate ______ from 4 to 5 because of immigration.

increases

_________ is the increase in the number of people in a country in one year.

Population Growth Rate

The ______ is the number of babies who die in a country before they are one year old.

Infant Mortality Rate

_______ is the age to which people can expect to live.

Life Expectancy

The table above shows the infant mortality rates for different countries. Which country have the highest infant mortality rates?

Niger

Suggest two reasons why infant mortality rates are high in these countries.

Poor health care, Lack of food and food security

Which country in the table above have the lowest infant mortality rates?

Japan

Suggest two reasons why infant mortality rates are low in these countries.

Excellent health care systems, Good nutrition and living conditions

Decreasing the population of the country later hurt the economy. Explain one way in which low birth rate can affect a country like Germany.

Fewer young people \rightarrow the country will have less workers in the future, which can affect the economy.

Explain how the following diseases are spread: Malaria

mosquitoes

Explain how the following diseases are spread: Diarrhea

infected food and water / lack of hygiene

Explain how the following diseases are spread: HIV/AIDS

blood / body fluids, unprotected sexual contact

Explain how the following diseases are spread: TB

close contact with infected people (airborne)

Give three ways to prevent the spread of covid-19.

• Wash or sanitise hands

• Social distancing

• Wearing a mask

What is the simplest way to treat a person with diarrhoea?

Sugar and salt solution (rehydration) and drinking boiled clean water

In which year did the world's population reach 1 billion?

1800

How MANY YEARS did it take the world's population to double from 3 billion to 6 billion?

1960 to 1999 = 39 years

What are the developments or factors that have contributed to the rapid growth of the world's population from 1930 to 2011 (according to the graph above)? Give the TWO developments.

• Better Medical Care

• Improved Food Production

List one factor from the source above that affect birth rates and say why you think it does.

Wealthier people have fewer children because children are expensive to raise.

List one factor from the source above that will affect death rates and say why you think it does.

Wealthier people can spend more money on healthcare so death rates are lower.

Suggest one reason why poor people may have more children than wealthier people.

They expect some children may not survive or because children help support the family.

Write a paragraph of about 7-8 lines on how Scientific developments and Improved health care increased the world population.

Scientific developments and improved health care have helped increase the world's population. Better medical treatment has reduced death rates and vaccinations have prevented deadly diseases. Improved farming methods have led to more food available which prevents hunger and malnutrition with clean water and sanitation, fewer people die from infections. People now live longer, which increases life expectancy. These scientific changes have caused the world's population to grow quickly.

Why did China introduce a one-child policy in 1979?

China introduced a one-child policy in 1979 to control rapid population growth.

Did the government's one-child policy reduce china's birth rate?

Yes, the policy did reduce the birth rate significantly as seen by the drop in the graph.

How did the government punish people who had more than one child?

Fines, job losses, no government benefits.

Why did the government introduce a two-child policy in 2016?

Population was ageing and there were fewer young workers.

Complete: Life expectancy

Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live.

Name the country with the highest life expectancy.

Japan (84 years)

What is the life expectancy of the average South African?

49 years

How does the life expectancy in South Africa compare with France?

South Africa's life expectancy (49 years) is much lower than France life expectancy (81 years).

Give one possible reason for why South Africa's life expectancy (49 years) is much lower than France life expectancy (81 years).

South Africa's struggle with diseases such as HIV/Aids, TB and poor healthcare access.

Match the letters A-D on the graph in Figure 1 below with these labels: death rates; time; population numbers and birth rates

• A: time Period

• B: Population Numbers

• C: death rate

• D: birth rate

Which stage on the graph shows a time when both the birth rates and the death rates are close together: 1, 2, 3 or 4?

Stage: 1

Which stage shows a situation when population growth rates are the highest: 1, 2, 3 or 4?

Stage: 4

Which stage is close to South Africa's population growth rate: 1, 2, 3 or 4?

Stage: 3

The country shown in Figure 2 has a high birth rate. Use the terms 'economic status' and 'family needs' to explain why this country may have a high birth rate.

In poorer countries, economic status is low, so families need many children to help with work and to care for parents in old age.

The country has an infant mortality rate of 89 per 1000 live births. Explain what the infant mortality rate is in your own words.

It is the number of babies who die before their first birthday out of 1000 births.

The country has an infant mortality rate of 89 per 1000 live births. Name one factor that affects the infant mortality rate.

Lack of healthcare, nutrition, clean water.

The country has an infant mortality rate of 89 per 1000 live births. How does the infant mortality rate affect a country's life expectancy?

lower life expectancy because more children die young.

The health worker in Figure 2 has explained to these mothers ways they can help lower the infant mortality in their community. Suggest two things he may have told them.

Improve hygiene and sanitation. Vaccinated regularly. Ensure access to clean water.

Discuss one pandemic that has affected Europe and one that has affected Africa in the past?

• Europe: Black Death in 14th century killed millions

• Africa: HIV/Aids reduced life expectancy

Compare the two diseases that claim the most lives in Africa each year?

HIV/AIDS and malaria. HIV weakens the immune system and malaria is spread by mosquitoes. Together they cause high death rates.

Write a simple explanation of China's one child policy?

It is a law that most families could only have one child.

Explain why the Chinese government introduce the one child policy?

Reduce rapid population growth.

Give two benefits of couples only having one child?

• Families can provide better education and healthcare.

• Less strain on natural resources.

List the four missing factors that affect population growth in the diagram in figure 3.

• 1: Birth Rate

• 2: Death Rate

• 3: Migration

• 4: Infant Mortality

Choose two of your answers from 5a. above. Summarise how each factor affects population growth.

• 1. Scientific Development - Better medicine and technology reduce deaths and increase life expectancy.

• 2. Increased food production - more food means less people die of hunger - population grows.

• 3. Birth Rate - more births increase the population, fewer births slow it down.

• 4. Death Rate - High deaths reduce the population, low deaths increase it.

• 5. Migration - immigration adds people, emigration reduces people.

• 6. Infant Mortality - Low infant deaths increase the population, high infant deaths slow growth.

What is immunisation?

Giving vaccines to protect against diseases.

Name four diseases against which children can be immunised?

Measles, polio, TB and diphtheria

How has immunisation caused a fall in the infant mortality rate?

Immunisation lowers infant mortality rate because children survive early diseases.

How has immunisation caused a rise in population growth rate?

More children live to adulthood.

List three ways in which food production can be increased?

Irrigation, Fertilisers, Mechanised Farming Methods

Explain the difference between the following concept. Birth rate and death rate.

Birth Rate is the number of babies born. Death Rate is the number of people dying.

Give a reason why some countries have a high infant mortality rate.

Lack of trained doctors. Poor primary healthcare. Babies not vaccinated. Lack of healthcare education long awaited.

Explain what infant mortality is.

Number of babies that die before they reach the age of one year.

Compare the infant mortality rate of South Africa which is 55 with the infant mortality rate of Japan.

South Africa has a high population growth rate and high infant mortality rate and low infant mortality rate compared to developed countries like Japan which have low population and low infant mortality rate.

Name the factors that affect the birth rate and the death rate.

Diseases; Government policy; Conflict and wars; Economic status; Family needs and attitudes

Define the term life expectancy.

Average number of years people in a country are or can expect to live.

Mention any two factors that contribute to the high prevalence of these diseases in Africa.

Poverty; lack of education; war and conflict; gender inequality

What are some of the things that can be done to address the high frequency of these diseases in Africa? Give two suggestions.

Increasing access to preventative measures; providing education about these diseases

What is the difference between a disease epidemic and a pandemic? Provide an example of each

Strengthening healthcare services; addressing poverty and gender inequality

Epidemic vs pandemic: Diseases that spread quickly across the country e.g. malaria (epidemic); diseases that spread rapidly across many countries e.g. HIV/AIDS, Corona Virus (pandemic).

Explain why people are just as likely to die of disease and hunger than from injuries caused by combat during times of war.

Wars prevent people from farming and this results in food shortages causing people to die. Diseases spread rapidly due to large numbers of people living in confined spaces like refugee camps. Shortage of medical supply during war and people do not get the medical attention they need and this results in death.

Explain how improvement of sanitation and water affect death rate.

Improvement of water and sanitation system helps to reduce the spread of disease and decreases the death rate.

Write a short paragraph of about 5 to 7 sentences explaining how wars affected the birth and death rate of a country. (5)

Include the following in your paragraph:

• Conflict, think about soldiers at work (war)

• Lack of hospitals

• Families that are separated.

Some wars take place on land where people farm this results in shortage of food supply. The land is not properly farmed because farmers become soldiers and this results in food shortages. People die from hunger and diseases during war. War prevents people from living a normal life. People may move off the land during the war and live in cities or leave the country and their farms remain unused.

Canning and refrigeration have had the following impact on population growth. Motivate your answer in about 5 – 7 sentences.

War keeps birth rate low because people have few children in war. Canning and refrigeration have increased the variety of food people eat and this helps to lower the infant mortality rate. Better nutrition and more varied diet means that people's health improves and increases life expectancy and lowered death rate across the world.