History Unit 4

Who was the first to argue that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe?

Nicolaus Copernicus

What is the difference between the Ptolemaic system and the Copernican system?

Their center of the universe.

A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence is known as the __________ method.

scientific method

According to Ptolemy, what applies to the Geocentric universe?

Concentric spheres.

Isaac Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation showed how __________.

One law can explain all motion in the universe.

Francis Bacon believed scientists should use __________.

Inductive reasoning.

Galileo's observations with the telescope seemed to indicate that the moon is __________.

Craters and uneven, and the moon was orbiting the sun.

Who has been called the father of modern rationalism?

René Descartes.

Which philosopher is noted for the statement 'I think, therefore I am'?

René Descartes.

John Locke's ideas suggest that people were molded by their __________.

own experiences.

Voltaire said that the universe is like a __________.

clock.

What does Jean Jacques Rousseau's social contract mean?

Society agrees to be governed by its general will.

Montesquieu's contributions to political thought were __________.

Separation of powers within governments.

Who created the Encyclopedia?

Denis Diderot.

Who argued that every person was born with a tabula rasa or blank mind?

John Locke.

What was the name for the journey of enslaved persons from Africa to America?

Middle passage.

Economic policy where governments exported more than they imported generating more wealth is called __________.

Mercantilism.

How was Louis XIV able to maintain power as a monarch?

By distracting the nobles with court life.