Mushroom Toxicology in Dogs and Cats

Practice flashcards covering the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mushroom toxicity in small animals as described in the lecture notes.

Amanita spp.

The most common species of mushrooms associated with toxicity, particularly in dogs.

Early Mushroom Toxicity Signs (Hours)

Clinical signs appearing within hours of ingestion that affect the GI, CNS, and autonomic nervous system.

Late Mushroom Toxicity Signs (Days)

Clinical signs appearing days after ingestion, often involving liver and kidney toxicity or failure.

Amanita GI Symptom Onset

Gastrointestinal signs that typically manifest within $8-12\,\text{h}$ post-ingestion.

Amanita Liver Failure Onset

Hepatic failure that occurs within $2-3\,\text{d}$ of ingestion and is often fatal.

Mushroom Identification Difficulty

Identification is very difficult and requires consultation with a mycologist.

Amanita Labwork Profile

Clinical findings including increased liver enzymes, coagulopathy, and hypoglycemia.

Mushroom Decontamination Protocol

Immediate administration of emesis and activated charcoal (AC) for any mushroom exposure regardless of identification.

Specific Tx for Amanita

Supportive treatment involving liver protectants, plasma for coagulopathies, and dextrose.

Mushroom Toxin Types

Common toxins include GI, hallucinogenic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, muscarinic, and isoxazole.

Peak Exposure Season

Increased incidence of mushroom exposure typically occurs from August to October.

Good Prognosis Toxin Types

Varying toxins including GI, isoxazole, muscarinic, and hallucinogenic.

Poor Prognosis Toxin Types

Specifically hepatotoxic (such as Amanita) and nephrotoxic mushrooms.