Hyperinflation Therapy, Chest Physiotherapy, and IPPB practice

Vocabulary terms and definitions covering Chest Physiotherapy (CPT), Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB), and general respiratory mechanics from the study guide.

Vibration Technique Hand Positioning

The hands should be held flat against the patient.

Percussion Technique Hand Positioning

The hands should be cupped during the procedure.

Sequence of CPT

A three-step process: i. Deep breaths to mobilize secretions, ii. Vibration/Percussion to dislodge secretions, and iii. Coughing to expel secretions.

BLU/GLD

An acronym for "Bad lung up, Good lung down," used in postural drainage to position the affected lung segment for elevation and drainage.

Cystic Fibrosis

A condition specifically mentioned as an indication for CPT to mobilize secretions.

Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

A general contraindication for CPT where Trendelenburg position must be avoided.

Temperature at Carina

$98.6^{\circ}F$ ($37^{\circ}C$).

Vapor Pressure at Carina

$46\,mmHg$.

Water Content at Carina

$44\,mg/L$.

Rain out

Excessive condensation caused by higher temperature, pressure, or volume during humidification.

IPPB (Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing)

Hyperinflation therapy designed to open collapsed alveoli and improve alveolar ventilation.

Trigger Sensitivity

$-2\,cmH_2O$; the standard for most pressure-triggered devices.

I-time (Inspiratory time)

The duration of inspiration, which decreases as flow increases and increases as flow decreases.

IPPB Volume-Oriented Goal

A target tidal volume of $2-3$ times normal tidal volume, or $10-15\,mL/kg$ ideal body weight.

Time-triggered

The machine mechanism that delivers a breath based on a backup rate if the patient does not breathe.

Bullae/Blebs

Structures found in emphysema patients that require caution during IPPB due to the risk of pneumothorax.

Hyperventilation

An IPPB hazard leading to excessive $CO_2$ blow-off, lightheadedness, and dizziness.

DISS, PISS, ASSS

Safety systems associated with oxygen cylinders and therapy.

Lung Compliance

The ease with which lungs are inflated; increasing compliance is desirable, while decreasing compliance results in stiffer lungs.

Airway Resistance

The opposition to gas flow; increasing resistance is undesirable, while decreasing resistance is desirable.

Pores of Kohn

Connections between individual alveoli (interalveolar connections) for collateral ventilation.

Canals of Lambert

Connections between bronchioles and alveoli (bronchiole-alveolar connections) for collateral ventilation.

Incentive Spirometry (IS)

A therapy used to prevent and treat microatelectasis in patients with a vital capacity at least $2-3$ times their normal tidal volume.

Nomo/Monogram

A tool used for calculating ideal body weight based on age and height.