Chapter 7 Review

Axial Skeleton: How many bones in the skull?

22 Bones

Axial Skeleton: What are the cranial bones? PESTOF

parietal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, occipital, frontal

Axial Skeleton: Which of the cranial bones have 2 bones?

Parietal and temporal

Axial Skeleton: What are the facial bones?

Maxillae, palatine bones, zygomatic bones, lacrimal bones, nasal bones, vomer, inferior nasal conchae, and mandible.

Axial Skeleton: what facial bones have 2 bones?

Maxillae, palatine bones, zygomatic bones, lacrimal bones, and inferior nasal conchae

Axial Skeleton: what are the auditory ossicles?

Malleus, incus, and stapes. They all have 2 bones each

Axial Skeleton: How many hyoid bones?

1 bone

Axial Skeleton: what are vertebral column?

Cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, Lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx

Axial Skeleton: How many bones are in the vertebral column?

26 bones

Axial Skeleton: How many auditory ossicles? #

6 bones

Axial Skeleton: How many bones in the Cervical vertebrae?

7 bones

Axial Skeleton: How many bones in the Thoracic vertebrae?

12 bones

Axial Skeleton: How many bones in the Lumbar vertebrae?

5 bones

Axial Skeleton: How many bones in the sacrum?

1 bone

Axial Skeleton: How many bones in the coccyx?

1 bone

Axial Skeleton: How many bones in the Thoracic cage?

25 bones plus thoracic vertebrae (ribs and sternum)

Axial Skeleton: How many bones in the Ribs?

24 bones

Axial Skeleton: How many bones in the sternum?

1 bone

Appendicular skeleton: How many bones in the pectoral girdle?

2 scapulae and 2 clavicles = 4 bones

Appendicular skeleton: How many bones in the upper limbs?

60 bones

Appendicular skeleton: Which upper limbs bones have 2 bones?

Humerus, radius, ulna

Appendicular skeleton: how many carpal bones?

16 bones

Appendicular skeleton: how many metacarpal bones?

10 bones

Appendicular skeleton: how many phalanges bones?

28 bones

Appendicular skeleton: How many bones in the pelvic girdle?

2 Hip bones

Appendicular skeleton: How many bones in the lower limbs?

60 bones

Appendicular skeleton: what lower limbs have 2 bones?

Femur, patella, tibia, and fibula

Appendicular skeleton: How many bones in tarsal bones?

14 bones

Appendicular skeleton: How many bones in Metatarsal bones?

10 bones

Appendicular skeleton: How many bones in phalanges?

28 bones

How many bones in the skeleton?

206 bones

How many bones at birth? why more then adult?

270 because as you get older your bones fuse

Pelvic girdle has 3 bones….

ilium, ischium, and pubic but in adult they are fused into a single hip coxal bone on each side.

what is a Sesamoid bones?

Bones that form within certain tendons in response to stress

what are Sutural bones?

small extra bones found between the sutures of the skull.

what is a condyle?

a rounded knob that articulates with another bone

what is a facet?

A smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface

what is a head?

the prominent expanded end of a bone, sometimes rounded

what is a alveolus?

A pit or socket

what is a fossa?

A shallow, broad, or elongated basin

what is a fovea?

A small pit

what is a sulcus?

A groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel

what is a canal?

A tubular passage or tunnel in a bone

what is a fissue?

A slit through a bone

what is a foramen?

A hole through a bone, usually round.

what is a sinus?

An air-filled space in a bone

What is the skull composed of…

Cranial and Facial bones

What are cranial bones

they enclose the brain. most of the bones are rigidly joined by sutures

What are facial bones?

lie anterior to cranial cavity, form and shape the face, support orbital, nasal and oral cavities. also provided attachment to facial muscles

What are the cavities of the skull?

Cranial cavity: houses the brain, Orbits: contains the eyes, Nasal cavity: nose, Paranasal sinuses, Oral cavity: mouth and buccal cavity, and Middle and inner-ear cavities

What are the paranasal sinuses?

Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary. They are connected with the nasal cavity, lined by mucus membranes, and filled with air.

what are the four different kinds of sutures?

Coronal suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid suture, and squamous suture

What is the Coronal suture:

Between parietal bones and frontal bone

What is the Sagittal suture:

Between right and left parietal bones

What is the Lambdoid suture:

Between parietal bones and occipital bone

What is the squamous suture:

Between the parietal and temporal bones on each side of the skull

What is the cranium?

is the braincase

What is a frontal bone?

extends from the forehead to the coronal suture

What is a parietal bone?

forms most of the cranial roof and part of its walls, bordered by sagittal, coronal, lambdoid, and squamous sutures

What is a temporal bone?

Forms lower wall and part of cranial floor

what is the Petrous part?

A thick part of the temporal bone that separates the middle and posterior cranial fossae and houses the middle and inner ear.

What is a internal acoustic meatus?

A canal in the temporal bone that allows nerves for hearing and balance to pass from the inner ear toward the brain.

what is the occipital bone?

forms rear and much of skull base

what is the sphenoid bone?

Centrally positioned; contacts every other cranial bone

what is the ethmoid bone?

anterior cranial bone positioned between eyes

Foramen Magnum:

Opening where spinal cord meets brain. Located in the occipital bone at the base of the skull.

Occipital condyle:

smooth knob like structure on either side of the foramen magnum, where the skull rests on the vertebral column. Articulates with the atlas C1. Enables you to nod yes

Dura Mater:

is the outer layer of meninges and lies loosely against or firmly attached to the inside of cranium

Calvaria or skullcap

dome of the top of the head

Cranial fossae:

depressions on cranial floor. Includes anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae

Sphenoid bone:

has a pair of sphenoidal sinuses and has a saddle-like surface called the sella turcica. also called a keystone bone because it articulates with all other cranial bones.

Sella Turcica:

Consists of deep pit called the hypophyseal fossa, which houses the pituitary gland (hypophysis)

Ethmoid bone:

is an anterior cranial bone located between the eyes.

vertical perpendicular plate:

thin median plate that forms the superior two-thirds of the nasal septum

Nasal fossae

septum divides the nasal cavity into right and left air spaces

Horizontal cribriform plate;

forms roof of nasal cavity. has a median plate called the crista galli.

Crista galli

Attachment point for the dura mater

Maxillae:

forms upper jaw

Palatine:

Forms posterior part of hard palate. each have a L shape formed by a horizontal and perpendicular plate. The horizontal plates form the posterior 1/3 of the hard palate, which separates the oral and nasal cavities.

Zygomatic:

Cheekbones

Lacrimal:

Medial part of orbit

Nasal:

bridge of nose, the nasal septum formed by vomer (inferior 1/3) and ethmoid bone (superior 2/3)

Inferior nasal conchae:

wall of nasal cavity

Vomer:

Part of nasal septum

Mandible:

Lower jaw, has the point of the chin, mental protuberance

closely associated with the skull but not part of:

Auditory ossicles in the middle ear cavity (malleus, incus, stapes), hyoid bone

Hyoid bone:

Single U-shaped bone between chin and larynx. Does not articulate with any other bone.

Vertebral column:

chain of 33 vertebrae with fibrocartilaginous intervertebral discs between most of them.

Vertebrae: Call The Lamb So Cute

Cervical 7, thoracic 12, lumbar 5, sacral 5, and coccygeal 3

Functions of the vertebral column:

• Supports skull and trunk, allows movement, protects spinal cord, absorbs stress from walking, running, and lifting, provides attachment for limbs, thoracic cage, and postural muscles

Body (centrum)

largest, weight-bearing portion

Vertebral arch composed of….

pedicles and laminae

Arch and body enclose the…

vertebral foramen

stacked vertebrae enclose the…

vertebral canal, a passage for the spinal cord

inferior and superior vertebral notches form…

intervertebral foramen when vertebral articulate

Intervertebral foramen allows passage for _______ ________ that connect the spinal cord at regular intervals

Spinal nerves

Spinous process:

projects posteriorly, pointed angle downward

transverse processes:

extend laterally in transverse plane

Superior articular processes project upward to articulate with……

Inferior articular processes of vertebra above it; each articular process has a facet

#_____ thoracic vertebrae (T1-T__) corespond to the ___ pairs of ribs attached to them

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