Congress Dynamics & The Surat Split

1905 Session of Congress venue and president

Benaras, presided over by G. K. Gokhale

Key approval in 1905 Session of Congress

Anti Partition Movement/Swadeshi Movement

1906 Calcutta Session of Congress president

Dadabhai Naoroji

Four important resolutions taken in 1906 Session

Swaraj as a goal adopted, Boycott of foreign goods, Swadeshi, National Education

1907 Surat Session of Congress president

Rash Behari Ghosh

Key event of 1907 Surat Session

The Congress split into Moderates and Extremists

Main cause of the Surat Split

Disagreement over the manner of opposing the Partition of Bengal (Extremists wanted a nationwide mass struggle, Moderates wanted to confine the boycott to Bengal and foreign goods)

British policy adopted within Congress

"Carrot and Stick Model" (Appeasement to Moderates, Suppressing Extremists)

Methods adopted by Moderates

Petitions, newspapers, pamphlets

Prominent Moderate leaders

SN Banerjee, KK Mitra, GK Gokhale, Pherozshah Mehta

Prominent Extremist leaders

Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Aurobindo Ghosh

Writer of Bande Matram journal

Bipin Chandra Pal

Methods and beliefs of Extremists

Direct political action, Swaraj as the goal, belief in capacity of masses, personal sacrifices required

Person who organised Ganpati and Shivaji festivals to mobilise youth in Maharashtra

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Title given to Bal Gangadhar Tilak by Valentine Chirol

"Father of Indian Unrest"

Famous title of Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Lokmanya Tilak

Newspapers published by Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Mahratta (in English) and Kesari (in Marathi)

Speaker of "Freedom is my Birth Right and I Shall have it"

B.G. Tilak

Jail where B.G. Tilak was sent from 1908 to 1914

Mandalay Jail (Burma)

Famous work written by Tilak in Mandalay Jail

Gita Rahasya

Another name for the Indian Council Act of 1909

Morley-Minto Reform

Introducer of separate electorate for Muslim

Lord Minto (known as "Father of Communal Electorate")

First Indian to be a part of Viceroy Executive Council

Satyendra Prasad Sinha

Organiser of the 3rd Delhi Durbar (1911)

Lord Hardinge II

Key decisions at 1911 Delhi Durbar

Reunification of Bengal and capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi

1st Delhi Durbar (1877)

Held under Lord Lytton to proclaim Queen Victoria as Empress of India

2nd Delhi Durbar (1903)

Held under Lord Curzon to celebrate the coronation of Edward VII