CLIPAR LEC TISSUE NEMATODES

African eye worm

Loa loa common name

Continuous to the tip of the tail

Nuclei of Loa loa

Diurnal

Periodicity of Loa loa

L3 larvae

infective stage of Loa loa to humans

Sheathed microfilariae

diagnostic stage of Loa loa

Microfilariae

infective stage of Loa loa to mosquitos

Calabar swelling

Diagnosis of Loa loa infection is based on the history of:

Conjunctivae

where does Loa loa appear in the eye?

Nocturnal

If monkey strains are present, what is the periodicity of Loa loa instead?

Surgical removal of migrating adult worms

Treatment for Loa loa

Ivermectin

Drug of choice for treatment of loiasis

Pruritus

most common side effect of Ivermectin

Mansonella ozzardi

New world filarial worm

Mesenteries and visceral fat

Adult stage of Mansonella ozzardi inhabit where?

Nonperiodic

Periodicity of Mansonella ozzardi

Tail of Mansonella ozzardi

Tail is shorter and less tapered than that of Onchocerca volvulus

Simulium fly

What arthropod transmits Mansonella ozzardi?

L3 larvae

infective stage of Mansonella ozzardi to humans

Microfilariae

Infective stage of Mansonella ozzardi to flies

Unsheathed microfilariae

diagnostic stage of Mansonella ozzardi

Subcutaneous tissues

Where adult Mansonella ozzardi develops

Asymptomatic

Infections of Mansonella ozzardi are:

Diethylcarbamazine citrate

Effective treatment of Mansonella ozzardi

Dipetalonema streptocerca

former name of Mansonella streptocerca

Shepherd's crook

Mansonella streptocerca's tail can described as a:

Pruritic dermatitis

Mansonella streptocerca infection in humans is characterized by:

Midge

Arthropod vector for Mansonella streptocerca

L3 larvae

Infective stage of Mansonella streptocerca to humans

Microfilariae

Infective stage of Mansonella streptocerca to mosquitos

Unsheathed microfilariae

Diagnostic stage of Mansonella streptocerca

Dermis

Where do adult Mansonella streptocerca develop?

Dipetalonema perstans

Former name of Mansonella perstans

Mansonella perstans

Terminal nucleus or pair of nuclei are separated slightly from the other caudal nuclei

Peritoneal cavity

Where do adult Mansonella perstans develop in the human body?

L3 larvae

Infective stage of Mansonella perstans in humans

Microfilariae

Infective stage of Mansonella perstans in mosquitos

Unsheathed microfilariae

Diagnostic stage of Mansonella perstans

Benign

Infections of Mansonella perstans are \______________, therefore treatment is unnecessary in most cases

Insect repellants

Protection from Culicoides and Simulium are done by the use of:

Onchocerca volvulus

Blinding filaria

Blackfly

Vector and intermediate host of Onchocerca volvulus

L3 larvae

infective stage of Onchocerca volvulus

Subcutaneous nodules

Where do adult Onchocerca volvulus develop?

Unsheathed microfilariae

Diagnostic stage of Onchocerca volvulus

Blood, urine, or sputum

Adult Onchocerca volvulus can occasionally be found in these 3 specimens:

Skin snips

Useful for the detection of Onchocerca volvulus

NCTC 135 in Hank's basic salt solution

Medium culture for Onchocerca volvulus

Mazzotti test

If skin snips are negative for microfilariae, what test to do next?

Hypersensitivity reaction

What is the positive reaction for Mazzotti test?

Sowda

a symptom of infection of Onchocerca volvulus, severe cutaneous reaction in which skin gets dark, thick, itchy and covered with scaly papules

Mal morado

a symptom of infection of Onchocerca volvulus, a reddish blue discoloration on trunks and arms

Erisipela de la costa

macular rash with edema of the face typically on one side of the face

lichenified onchodermatitis

characterized by raised hyperpigmented blocks that appear with lymph adenopathy

Atrophy

wrinkling and dryness of skin particularly noticeable in younger individuals

Depigmentation

partial loss of pigment around hair follicles

Lymphadenitis

inflammation of the lymph nodes

African cases

femoral and inguinal nodes

American cases

lymph nodes of the head and neck

Ocular lesions

eye involvement occurs during chronic onchocerciasis because of the migration and death of microfilariae in eye tissues

River blindness

The common name for onchocerciasis is:

Diethylcarbamazine citrate

Treatment for Onchocerca volvulus

Nodulectomy

surgical removal of palpable nodules